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1. Searching for MeV-mass neutrinophilic dark matter with large scale dark matter detectors

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.063052  

   Suliga, Anna M; Fuller, George M (March 2025, Physical Review D)

   The indirect detection of dark matter (DM) through its annihilation products is one of the primary strategies for DM detection. One of the least constrained classes of models is neutrinophilic DM, because the annihilation products, weakly interacting neutrinos, are challenging to observe. Here, we consider a scenario where MeV-mass DM exclusively annihilates to the third neutrino mass eigenstate, which is predominantly of tau and muon flavor. In such a scenario, the potential detection rate of the neutrinos originating from the DM annihilation in our Galaxy in the conventional detectors would be suppressed by up to approximately two orders of magnitude. This is because the best sensitivity of such detectors for neutrinos with energies below approximately 100 MeV is for electron neutrino flavor. In this work, we highlight the potential of large-scale DM detectors in uncovering such signals in the tens of MeV range of DM masses. In addition, we discuss how coincident signals in direct detection DM experiments and upcoming neutrino detectors such as DUNE, Hyper-Kamiokande, and JUNO could provide new perspectives on the DM problem. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

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2. Prospects for measuring dark matter microphysics with observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/07/030  

   Baxter, Eric J.; Kumar, Jason; Pace, Andrew B.; Runburg, Jack (July 2021, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics)

   Abstract Dark matter annihilation in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies near the Milky Way has the potential to produce a detectable signature in gamma-rays. The amplitude of this signal depends on the dark matter density in a dSph, the dark matter particle mass, the number of photons produced in an annihilation, and the possibly velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation cross section. We argue that if the amplitude of the annihilation signal from multiple dSphs can be measured, it is possible to determine the velocity-dependence of the annihilation cross section. However, we show that doing so will require improved constraints on the dSph density profiles, including control of possible sources of systematic uncertainty. Making reasonable assumptions about future improvements, we make forecasts for the ability of current and future experiments — including Fermi, CTA and AMEGO — to constrain the dark matter annihilation velocity dependence. 

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3. Entanglement-assisted capacity regions and protocol designs for quantum multiple-access channels

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00412-3  

   Shi, Haowei; Hsieh, Min-Hsiu; Guha, Saikat; Zhang, Zheshen; Zhuang, Quntao (December 2021, npj Quantum Information)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract We solve the entanglement-assisted (EA) classical capacity region of quantum multiple-access channels (MACs) with an arbitrary number of senders. As an example, we consider the bosonic thermal-loss MAC and solve the one-shot capacity region enabled by an entanglement source composed of sender-receiver pairwise two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The EA capacity region is strictly larger than the capacity region without entanglement-assistance. With two-mode squeezed vacuum states as the source and phase modulation as the encoding, we also design practical receiver protocols to realize the entanglement advantages. Four practical receiver designs, based on optical parametric amplifiers, are given and analyzed. In the parameter region of a large noise background, the receivers can enable a simultaneous rate advantage of 82.0% for each sender. Due to teleportation and superdense coding, our results for EA classical communication can be directly extended to EA quantum communication at half of the rates. Our work provides a unique and practical network communication scenario where entanglement can be beneficial. 

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4. Static Vacuum Extensions With Prescribed Bartnik Boundary Data Near a General Static Vacuum Metric

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s40818-024-00169-w  

   An, Zhongshan; Huang, Lan-Hsuan (June 2024, Annals of PDE)

   We introduce the notions of static regular of type (I) and type (II) and show that they are sufficient conditions for local well-posedness of solving asymptotically flat, static vacuum metrics with prescribed Bartnik boundary data. We then show that hypersurfaces in a very general open and dense family of hypersurfaces are static regular of type (II). As applications, we confirm Bartnik’s static vacuum extension conjecture for a large class of Bartnik boundary data, including those that can be far from Euclidean and have large ADM masses, and give many new examples of static vacuum metrics with intriguing geometry. 

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5. Measurement of anti-3He nuclei absorption in matter and impact on their propagation in the Galaxy

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01804-8  

   Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adler, A.; Adolfsson, J.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; et al (January 2023, Nature Physics)

   Abstract In our Galaxy, light antinuclei composed of antiprotons and antineutrons can be produced through high-energy cosmic-ray collisions with the interstellar medium or could also originate from the annihilation of dark-matter particles that have not yet been discovered. On Earth, the only way to produce and study antinuclei with high precision is to create them at high-energy particle accelerators. Although the properties of elementary antiparticles have been studied in detail, the knowledge of the interaction of light antinuclei with matter is limited. We determine the disappearance probability of $${}^{3}\overline{{{{\rm{He}}}}}$$ 3 He ¯ when it encounters matter particles and annihilates or disintegrates within the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. We extract the inelastic interaction cross section, which is then used as an input to the calculations of the transparency of our Galaxy to the propagation of $${}^{3}\overline{{{{\rm{He}}}}}$$ 3 He ¯ stemming from dark-matter annihilation and cosmic-ray interactions within the interstellar medium. For a specific dark-matter profile, we estimate a transparency of about 50%, whereas it varies with increasing $${}^{3}\overline{{{{\rm{He}}}}}$$ 3 He ¯ momentum from 25% to 90% for cosmic-ray sources. The results indicate that $${}^{3}\overline{{{{\rm{He}}}}}$$ 3 He ¯ nuclei can travel long distances in the Galaxy, and can be used to study cosmic-ray interactions and dark-matter annihilation. 

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