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1. Monolithic Integration of Si3N4 Ring Resonator and On-Chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer for The Lab-On-A-Chip Biosensor

   Yoo, Kyoungmin; Chen, Ray T. (May 2022, Cleo)

   Jiang, Wei; Alan Wang (Ed.)

   We demonstrated the monolithically integrated biosensor with micro-ring-resonator (MRR) and spatial-heterodyne Fourier-transform-spectrometer (SH-FTS) on Si3N4-on-SiO2, substituting the external optical spectrum analyzer. The spectrum is retrieved from SH-FTS with the bulk sensitivity of 42.9 nm/RIU. 

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2. Near-Infrared Lab-on-a-Chip Optical Biosensor with Micro Ring Resonator and Fourier Transform Spectrometer on SOI platform

   https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2023.SF2E.1  

   Yoo, Kyoung Min; Fan, Kang-Chieh; An, Yue; Hlaing, May; Jain, Sourabh; Chen, Ray T. (January 2023, CLEO 2023)

   We demonstrated the design and experimental results of the near-infrared lab-on-a-chip optical biosensor platform that monolithically integrates the micro-ring-resonator and the on-chip spectrometer on the SOI wafer with the limit of detection of 0.042 RIU. 

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3. A LATERAL FLOW-THROUGH LABEL-FREE BIOSENSOR BASED ON SILICON PHOTONICS

   Wang, Y; Ali, MA; Dong, L; Lu, M (October 2017, 21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences October 22-26, 2017, Savannah, Georgia, USA)

   The optical resonances of the silicon nanopost array patterned on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate have been investigated. The fabricated device supports optical resonances in the range of 1.55 μm with a variable Q factor depending on the angle of incidence. By sealing the device on top of the nanoposts, we demonstrated a lateral flow-through label-free biosensor built on SOI. The biosensor exhibits the refractive index sensitivity of 800 nm/RIU and the femtomolar sensitivity for detection of a breast cancer biomarker (ErbB2). 

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4. On-Chip Digital Fourier-Transform Spectrometer Using a Thermo-Optical Michelson Grating Interferometer

   Richard A. Soref, Francesco De (November 2018, Journal of lightwave technology)

   This theoretical modeling and simulation paper presents designs and projected performance of an on-chip digital Fourier transform spectrometer using a thermo-optical (TO) Michelson grating interferometer operating at∼1550 and 2000 nm for silicon-on-insulator and for germanium-on-silicon technological platforms, respectively. The Michelson interferometer arms consist of two unbalanced tunable optical delay lines operating in the reflection mode. They are comprised of a cascade connection of waveguide Bragg grating resonators (WBGRs) separated by a piece of straight waveguide with lengths designed according to the spectrometer resolution requirements. The length of eachWBGRis chosen according to the Butterworth filter technique to provide one resonant spectral profile with a bandwidth twice that of the spectrometer bandwidth. A selectable optical path difference (OPD) between the arms is obtained by shifting the notch in the reflectivity spectrum along the wavelength axis by means of a low-power TO heater stripe atop the WBGR, inducing an OPD that depends on the line position of the WBGR affected by TO switching.We examined the device performances in terms of signal recostruction in the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum analysis application at 1 GHz and at 1.5 GHz of spectrometer resolution. The investigation demonstrated that high-quality spectrum reconstruction is obtained for both Lorentzian and arbitrary input signals with a bandwidth up to 40 GHz. We also show that spectrum reconstruction of 100–200 GHz RF band input signals is feasible in the Ge-on-Si chips. 

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5. Multi-mode interference waveguide chip-scale spectrometer (invited)

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222100  

   Amin, Md Nafiz; Ganjalizadeh, Vahid; Adams, Tyler J; Dixon, Porter B; Weber, Zoe; DeMartino, Matthew; Bundy, Kevin; Hawkins, Aaron R; Schmidt, Holger (October 2024, APL Photonics)

   Spectral analysis of light is one of the oldest and most versatile scientific methods and the basis of countless techniques and instruments. Miniaturized spectrometers have recently seen great advances, but challenges remain before they are widely deployed. We report an integrated photonic spectrometer that achieves high performance with minimal component complexity by combining imaging of light propagation patterns in multi-mode interference waveguides with machine learning analysis. We demonstrate broadband operation in the visible and near-infrared, 0.05 nm spectral resolution, and an array of four spectrometers on a single chip. Two canonical applications are implemented: spectral analysis of the solar spectrum with neural network reconstruction and detection of Rayleigh scattering from microbeads on an optofluidic chip using principal component classification. These results illustrate the potential of this approach for high-performance spectroscopy across disciplines. 

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