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Self-esteem, generally understood as subjective appraisal of one’s social worth and qualities, is related to how people use social media and the gratifications derived from their use—processes driven in part by social comparison. Two major components of the social media experience drive social comparison processes: (1) what content people engage with (feeds content) and (2) how they engage with such content (engagement type). We conducted an eye-tracking study ( N = 38), to measure viewing time spent on individual Facebook posts and paired this measurement with clicking behaviors. We found that spending more time looking at posts and clicking on more of them was associated with lower self-esteem for people with more social content on their feeds. We discuss the importance of examining browsing behaviors as a combination of viewing time, clicking, and feed’s content—especially given its potential impact on well-being outcomes such as self-esteem via social comparison processes.
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Self-esteem's impacts on intimacy-building: Pathways through self-disclosure and responsiveness
Building intimate relationships is rewarding but entails risking rejection. Trait self-esteem—a person's overall self-evaluation—has important implications for how people behave in socially risky situations. Integrating established models of responsiveness and intimacy with theory and research on self-esteem, we present a model that highlights the ways in which self-esteem impacts intimacy-building. A review of relevant research reveals that compared to people with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem exhibit interpersonal perceptions and behaviors that can hinder intimacy development—for example, disclosing less openly, and eliciting and perceiving less responsiveness from others. We identify important directions for future research and consider methods for encouraging intimacy-promoting processes among people with low self-esteem.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1941350
- PAR ID:
- 10478284
- Editor(s):
- Reis, H.; Itzchakov, G.
- Publisher / Repository:
- Elsevier
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Current Opinion in Psychology
- Volume:
- 52
- Issue:
- C
- ISSN:
- 2352-250X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 101596
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Self-esteem Self-disclosure Responsiveness Intimacy Close relationships
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101596
