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Abstract Domestication of the apple was mainly driven by interspecific hybridization. In the present study, we report the haplotype-resolved genomes of the cultivated apple (Malus domesticacv. Gala) and its two major wild progenitors,M. sieversiiandM. sylvestris. Substantial variations are identified between the two haplotypes of each genome. Inference of genome ancestry identifies ~23% of the Gala genome as of hybrid origin. Deep sequencing of 91 accessions identifies selective sweeps in cultivated apples that originated from either of the two progenitors and are associated with important domestication traits. Construction and analyses of apple pan-genomes uncover thousands of new genes, with hundreds of them being selected from one of the progenitors and largely fixed in cultivated apples, revealing that introgression of new genes/alleles is a hallmark of apple domestication through hybridization. Finally, transcriptome profiles of Gala fruits at 13 developmental stages unravel ~19% of genes displaying allele-specific expression, including many associated with fruit quality.
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Dual Domestication, Diversity, and Differential Introgression in Old World Cotton Diploids
Abstract Domestication in the cotton genus is remarkable in that it has occurred independently four different times at two different ploidy levels. Relatively little is known about genome evolution and domestication in the cultivated diploid species Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium arboreum, due to the absence of wild representatives for the latter species, their ancient domestication, and their joint history of human-mediated dispersal and interspecific gene flow. Using in-depth resequencing of a broad sampling from both species, we provide support for their independent domestication, as opposed to a progenitor–derivative relationship, showing that diversity (mean π = 6 × 10−3) within species is similar, and that divergence between species is modest (FST = 0.413). Individual accessions were homozygous for ancestral single-nucleotide polymorphisms at over half of variable sites, while fixed, derived sites were at modest frequencies. Notably, two chromosomes with a paucity of fixed, derived sites (i.e., chromosomes 7 and 10) were also strongly implicated as having experienced high levels of introgression. Collectively, these data demonstrate variable permeability to introgression among chromosomes, which we propose is due to divergent selection under domestication and/or the phenomenon of F2 breakdown in interspecific crosses. Our analyses provide insight into the evolutionary forces that shape diversity and divergence in the diploid cultivated species and establish a foundation for understanding the contribution of introgression and/or strong parallel selection to the extensive morphological similarities shared between species.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1829176
- PAR ID:
- 10484543
- Editor(s):
- Tenaillon, Maud
- Publisher / Repository:
- Oxford University Press
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Genome Biology and Evolution
- Volume:
- 14
- Issue:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 1759-6653
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac170
