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Context.High-resolution magnetograms are crucial for studying solar flare dynamics because they enable the precise tracking of magnetic structures and rapid field changes. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/HMI) has been an essential provider of vector magnetograms. However, the spatial resolution of the HMI magnetograms is limited and hence is not able to capture the fine structures that are essential for understanding flare precursors. The Near InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter on the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST/NIRIS) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) provides a better spatial resolution and is therefore more suitable to track the fine magnetic features and their connection to flare precursors. Aims.We propose DeepHMI, a machine-learning method for solar image super-resolution, to enhance the transverse and line-of-sight magnetograms of solar active regions (ARs) collected by SDO/HMI to better capture the fine-scale magnetic structures that are crucial for understanding solar flare dynamics. The enhanced HMI magnetograms can also be used to study spicules, sunspot light bridges and magnetic outbreaks, for which high-resolution data are essential. Methods.DeepHMI employs a conditional diffusion model that is trained using ground-truth images obtained by an inversion analysis of Stokes measurements collected by GST/NIRIS. Results.Our experiments show that DeepHMI performs better than the commonly used bicubic interpolation method in terms of four evaluation metrics. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of DeepHMI through a case study of the enhancement of SDO/HMI transverse and line-of-sight magnetograms of AR 12371 to GST/NIRIS data.
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Evaluation of a Magnetic Field Inversion Method Using Only Stokes I
Abstract We compare a method for inferring the photospheric vector magnetic field using only spectroscopy to a conventional method based on polarimetry. The magnetic field strengthBand inclination angle can be inferred from the Zeeman splitting using only StokesI. We applied this method to a sunspot observed with the Vacuum Tower Telescope and compared the results to vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which used a polarimetric inversion. The spectroscopic inversion tends to show higher values inBcompared to the polarimetric data. In quiet regions the discrepancy inBwas typically a factor of two. In the strong sunspot fields, the differences averaged ≈22%. These discrepancies are significant, but comparable to those typically found among magnetograms from different instruments. Our results support the use of the spectroscopic inversion technique to provide a fast and reasonable estimate ofB.
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- PAR ID:
- 10485172
- Publisher / Repository:
- DOI PREFIX: 10.3847
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Research Notes of the AAS
- Volume:
- 8
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2515-5172
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: Article No. 15
- Size(s):
- Article No. 15
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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