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1. A shared-aperture pentaband antenna with high impedance surface for CubeSat application

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66632-7  

   Uddin, Md Nazim ; Alwan, Elias A ( December 2024 , Scientific Reports)

   A circular polarized (CP) pentaband antenna based on the aperture-in-aperture (AIA) concept is presented for CubeSat applications. This AIA consists of five different bands ranging from L-band to Ka-band. Four different antennas, each operating at a specific frequency band, namely 12 GHz, 18.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 32 GHz, were incorporated into an L-band (viz. 1.5 GHz) antenna. Notably, the five antennas can operate simultaneously for a CubeSat downlink operation with a frequency ratio of 21.3:1. The antenna structure shows a realized gain of 5–10 dBi with good CP bandwidth (< 3 dB) across the overall operational frequency range. That is, the realized gain of L-band (1.5 GHz), X-band (12.5 GHz), K-band1 (18.5 GHz), K-band2 (26 GHz), and Ka-bands (32 GHz) are 5.05 dBi, 8.21 dBi, 7.33 dBi, 7.97 dBi, and 8.56 dBi. A high impedance surface (HIS) is incorporated with the Ka-band antenna to mitigate the ripples in the radiation pattern created by the interference of surface waves. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The measurement data agrees well with the simulation.

    

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2. A 38° Wide Beam-Steerable Compact and Highly Efficient V-band Leaky Wave Antenna with Surface Integrated Waveguide for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS58822.2023.10194262  

   Sah, Pallav ; Mahbub, Ifana ( April 2023 , 2023 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   This paper presents a highly efficient single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) based leaky-wave antenna (LWA) for the millimeter-wave unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system. The leaky wave-based radiating part of the unit cell includes a combination of two Y-shaped slots with 46° stretched V etched on the top SIW, resulting in a W-shaped structure. The proposed array achieves a high gain of 13.47 dBi for the frequency range of 56.3 GHz to 63.4 GHz covering the unlicensed band, with a fine matching level below -21 dB. Using the leaky wave antenna's frequency scanning capability, the proposed antenna exhibits a scanning range of 38°. The designed antenna shows a promising solution for the UAV-to-UAV applications due to its low profile and compactness and is well-suited for the single-layer low-cost printed circuit board fabrication process using Rogers RT 5880 as substrate. The radiation pattern for the achieved bandwidth shows an average half-power angular beamwidth of 12.1°, resulting in a radiation efficiency of more than 62% for the elements arranged uniformly at a distance of 0.456λ . Following an overall low-profile compact size of 6.48×4 λ corresponding to 3.24×0.2 cm and improved performance, the antenna achieves an elliptical polarization at 60 GHz for an axial ratio equal to 3.5 dBi. 

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3. A Dielectric-Loaded Waveguide Aperture Antenna Based on Waveguide-Fed Cavity-Backed in the 60-GHz Band

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCaS.2019.8732492  

   Shad, Saeideh ; Mehrpouyan, Hani ( January 2019 , 2019 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   In this paper, a 4 ×4-element waveguide-aperture array antenna is designed for applications in the 60 GHz band. To simplify the design process of the feed network, instead of using a conventional waveguide power divider, an efficient approach is proposed where the antenna is fed with two layers of back cavities to distribute power uniformly among the array aperture. The connection between cavities is obtained by a set of coupling slots. A standard WR-15 rectangular waveguide is designed to excite the antenna at the input port over the operating frequency. Furthermore, to improve the antenna gain characteristics and reduce size, array aperture is loaded with a dielectric plate. The most significant advantage of using this design is its efficient radiation patterns and the ability to decrease complexity of feeding network. Simulated results demonstrate that the antenna gain is larger than 25 dB over the frequency range from 58 to 64 GHz. This high gain antenna combined with the simplicity of feeding network is greatly advantageous to millimeter wave applications. 

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4. A Gain-Reconfigurable and Frequency-Beam-Steerable Additively Manufactured Antenna

   https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS50353.2021.9360380  

   Mejias-Morillo, Carlos R. ; LeBlanc, Sam ; Rojas-Nastrucci, Eduardo A. ( January 2021 , 2021 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS))

   null (Ed.)

   Due to the exponential growth of small satellite technology, novel shapes for antennas have been explored to make them low-cost, lightweight, compact, and easy to deploy. The use of frequency beam-scan antennas reduces the complexity of the small satellite front-end by avoiding the need to use phase shifters, especially when a reliable inter-satellite link (ISL) is required to keep up the communication and the formation accurately in a CubeSat swarm mission. This paper reports the design and a manufacturing process focused on in-space manufacturing (ISM) of a fully 3D-printed leaky-wave antenna, using ULTEM 9085 for aerospace applications. The antenna shows frequency beam steering capabilities from 4.4 GHz to 7.4 GHz, and a gain reconfigurable by angular rotation of the ground planes. The resulting antenna shows a measured peak gain of 10.07 dBi at 6.5 GHz, with a gain reconfigurability, as function of the elevation angle of the ground planes, in the range of 0 to 40°, providing an additional gain from 0 to 2 dBi, respectively. 

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5. A V-band Phased-Array Antenna for Millimeter-Wave-Based 3D Beam Steering Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886330  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik ; Roy, Sunanda ; Mahbub, Ifana ( September 2022 , 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents a compact phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain millimeter-wave-based 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 2 × 2 unit cells and each unit cell is a sub-array comprising of 2 × 2 patch elements connected to microstrip lines that are co-fed by a single coaxial cable. Two 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in each sub-array to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.324 mm 3 . Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 58.4 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 50.1 GHz to 77.5 GHz along with a high gain of 26.8 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 105° in the elevation plane and 195° in the azimuth plane with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. 

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