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1. A 38° Wide Beam-Steerable Compact and Highly Efficient V-band Leaky Wave Antenna with Surface Integrated Waveguide for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS58822.2023.10194262  

   Sah, Pallav; Mahbub, Ifana (April 2023, 2023 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   This paper presents a highly efficient single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) based leaky-wave antenna (LWA) for the millimeter-wave unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system. The leaky wave-based radiating part of the unit cell includes a combination of two Y-shaped slots with 46° stretched V etched on the top SIW, resulting in a W-shaped structure. The proposed array achieves a high gain of 13.47 dBi for the frequency range of 56.3 GHz to 63.4 GHz covering the unlicensed band, with a fine matching level below -21 dB. Using the leaky wave antenna's frequency scanning capability, the proposed antenna exhibits a scanning range of 38°. The designed antenna shows a promising solution for the UAV-to-UAV applications due to its low profile and compactness and is well-suited for the single-layer low-cost printed circuit board fabrication process using Rogers RT 5880 as substrate. The radiation pattern for the achieved bandwidth shows an average half-power angular beamwidth of 12.1°, resulting in a radiation efficiency of more than 62% for the elements arranged uniformly at a distance of 0.456λ . Following an overall low-profile compact size of 6.48×4 λ corresponding to 3.24×0.2 cm and improved performance, the antenna achieves an elliptical polarization at 60 GHz for an axial ratio equal to 3.5 dBi. 

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2. Dual-Port Butterfly Slot Antenna for Biosensing Applications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164980  

   Milijic, Marija; Jokanovic, Branka; Tasic, Miodrag; Jovanovic, Sinisa; Boric-Lubecke, Olga; Lubecke, Victor (August 2025, Sensors)

   This paper presents the novel design of a printed, low-cost, dual-port, and dual-polarized slot antenna for microwave biomedical radars. The butterfly shape of the radiating element, with orthogonally positioned arms, enables simultaneous radiation of both vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The antenna is intended for full-duplex in-band applications using two mutually isolated antenna ports, with the CPW port on the same side of the substrate as the slot antenna and the microstrip port positioned orthogonally on the other side of the substrate. Those two ports can be used as transmit and receive ports in a radar transceiver, with a port isolation of 25 dB. Thanks to the bow-tie shape of the slots and an additional coupling region between the butterfly arms, there is more flexibility in simultaneous optimization of the resonant frequency and input impedance at both ports, avoiding the need for a complicated matching network that introduces the attenuation and increases antenna dimensions. The advantage of this design is demonstrated through the modeling of an eight-element dual-port linear array with an extremely simple feed network for high-gain biosensing applications. To validate the simulation results, prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and tested. The measured operating band of the antennas spans from 2.35 GHz to 2.55 GHz, with reflection coefficients of less than—10 dB, a maximum gain of 8.5 dBi, and a front-to-back gain ratio that is greater than 15 dB, which is comparable with other published single dual-port slot antennas. This is the simplest proposed dual-port, dual-polarization antenna that enables straightforward scaling to other frequency bands. 

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3. A shared-aperture pentaband antenna with high impedance surface for CubeSat application

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66632-7  

   Uddin, Md Nazim; Alwan, Elias A (December 2024, Scientific Reports)

   A circular polarized (CP) pentaband antenna based on the aperture-in-aperture (AIA) concept is presented for CubeSat applications. This AIA consists of five different bands ranging from L-band to Ka-band. Four different antennas, each operating at a specific frequency band, namely 12 GHz, 18.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 32 GHz, were incorporated into an L-band (viz. 1.5 GHz) antenna. Notably, the five antennas can operate simultaneously for a CubeSat downlink operation with a frequency ratio of 21.3:1. The antenna structure shows a realized gain of 5–10 dBi with good CP bandwidth (< 3 dB) across the overall operational frequency range. That is, the realized gain of L-band (1.5 GHz), X-band (12.5 GHz), K-band1 (18.5 GHz), K-band2 (26 GHz), and Ka-bands (32 GHz) are 5.05 dBi, 8.21 dBi, 7.33 dBi, 7.97 dBi, and 8.56 dBi. A high impedance surface (HIS) is incorporated with the Ka-band antenna to mitigate the ripples in the radiation pattern created by the interference of surface waves. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The measurement data agrees well with the simulation. 

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4. A Dielectric-Loaded Waveguide Aperture Antenna Based on Waveguide-Fed Cavity-Backed in the 60-GHz Band

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCaS.2019.8732492  

   Shad, Saeideh; Mehrpouyan, Hani (January 2019, 2019 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   In this paper, a 4 ×4-element waveguide-aperture array antenna is designed for applications in the 60 GHz band. To simplify the design process of the feed network, instead of using a conventional waveguide power divider, an efficient approach is proposed where the antenna is fed with two layers of back cavities to distribute power uniformly among the array aperture. The connection between cavities is obtained by a set of coupling slots. A standard WR-15 rectangular waveguide is designed to excite the antenna at the input port over the operating frequency. Furthermore, to improve the antenna gain characteristics and reduce size, array aperture is loaded with a dielectric plate. The most significant advantage of using this design is its efficient radiation patterns and the ability to decrease complexity of feeding network. Simulated results demonstrate that the antenna gain is larger than 25 dB over the frequency range from 58 to 64 GHz. This high gain antenna combined with the simplicity of feeding network is greatly advantageous to millimeter wave applications. 

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5. A Gain-Reconfigurable and Frequency-Beam-Steerable Additively Manufactured Antenna

   https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS50353.2021.9360380  

   Mejias-Morillo, Carlos R.; LeBlanc, Sam; Rojas-Nastrucci, Eduardo A. (January 2021, 2021 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS))

   null (Ed.)

   Due to the exponential growth of small satellite technology, novel shapes for antennas have been explored to make them low-cost, lightweight, compact, and easy to deploy. The use of frequency beam-scan antennas reduces the complexity of the small satellite front-end by avoiding the need to use phase shifters, especially when a reliable inter-satellite link (ISL) is required to keep up the communication and the formation accurately in a CubeSat swarm mission. This paper reports the design and a manufacturing process focused on in-space manufacturing (ISM) of a fully 3D-printed leaky-wave antenna, using ULTEM 9085 for aerospace applications. The antenna shows frequency beam steering capabilities from 4.4 GHz to 7.4 GHz, and a gain reconfigurable by angular rotation of the ground planes. The resulting antenna shows a measured peak gain of 10.07 dBi at 6.5 GHz, with a gain reconfigurability, as function of the elevation angle of the ground planes, in the range of 0 to 40°, providing an additional gain from 0 to 2 dBi, respectively. 

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