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This paper presents a wideband low-profile dual-polarized patch antenna with helical-shaped L-probe feeding (HLF) for mmWave 5G mobile device applications. Parametric studies on the HLF structure are performed to identify the optimal specifications. As a result, the optimized antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 5.4 GHz (24.2–29.6 GHz), good isolation > 18 dB between ports, and 5.1 dBi of good peak realized gain, which is experimentally verified with a 10× upscaled antenna. In addition, various one × four phased arrays with different port configurations and beamform capabilities are designed and simulated for the peak realized gain. The designed antenna array shows a high peak realized gain of 10 dBi, high isolation of 15 dB between the ports, and a small substrate thickness of 0.048λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength of 24.25 GHz). Compared to the state-of-the-art antennas, the designed dual-polarized antenna can operate in the frequency ranges of 24.25–29.6 GHz, including n257, n258, and n261 of the 5G new radio frequency range 2.
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This content will become publicly available on August 1, 2026
Dual-Port Butterfly Slot Antenna for Biosensing Applications
This paper presents the novel design of a printed, low-cost, dual-port, and dual-polarized slot antenna for microwave biomedical radars. The butterfly shape of the radiating element, with orthogonally positioned arms, enables simultaneous radiation of both vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The antenna is intended for full-duplex in-band applications using two mutually isolated antenna ports, with the CPW port on the same side of the substrate as the slot antenna and the microstrip port positioned orthogonally on the other side of the substrate. Those two ports can be used as transmit and receive ports in a radar transceiver, with a port isolation of 25 dB. Thanks to the bow-tie shape of the slots and an additional coupling region between the butterfly arms, there is more flexibility in simultaneous optimization of the resonant frequency and input impedance at both ports, avoiding the need for a complicated matching network that introduces the attenuation and increases antenna dimensions. The advantage of this design is demonstrated through the modeling of an eight-element dual-port linear array with an extremely simple feed network for high-gain biosensing applications. To validate the simulation results, prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and tested. The measured operating band of the antennas spans from 2.35 GHz to 2.55 GHz, with reflection coefficients of less than—10 dB, a maximum gain of 8.5 dBi, and a front-to-back gain ratio that is greater than 15 dB, which is comparable with other published single dual-port slot antennas. This is the simplest proposed dual-port, dual-polarization antenna that enables straightforward scaling to other frequency bands.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2039089
- PAR ID:
- 10635478
- Publisher / Repository:
- MDPI
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Sensors
- Volume:
- 25
- Issue:
- 16
- ISSN:
- 1424-8220
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 4980
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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