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Dynamic organization of the cytoskeletal filaments and rod-like proteins in the cell membrane and other biological interfaces occurs in many cellular processes. Previous modeling studies have considered the dynamics of a single rod on fluid planar membranes. We extend these studies to the more physiologically relevant case of a single filament moving in a spherical membrane. Specifically, we use a slender-body formulation to compute the translational and rotational resistance of a single filament of length L moving in a membrane of radius R and 2D viscosity ηm, and surrounded on its interior and exterior with Newtonian fluids of viscosities η− and η+. We first discuss the case where the filament's curvature is at its minimum κ=1/R. We show that the boundedness of spherical geometry gives rise to flow confinement effects that increase in strength with increasing the ratio of filament's length to membrane radius L/R. These confinement flows only result in a mild increase in filament's resistance along its axis, ξ∥, and its rotational resistance, ξΩ. As a result, our predictions of ξ∥ and ξΩ can be quantitatively mapped to the results on a planar membrane. In contrast, we find that the drag in perpendicular direction, ξ⊥, increases superlinearly with the filament's length, when L/R>1 and ultimately ξ⊥→∞ as L/R→π. Next, we consider the effect of the filament's curvature, κ, on its parallel motion, while fixing the membrane's radius. We show that the flow around the filament becomes increasingly more asymmetric with increasing its curvature. These flow asymmetries induce a net torque on the filament, coupling its parallel and rotational dynamics. This coupling becomes stronger with increasing L/R and κ.
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The drag of a filament moving in a supported spherical bilayer
Many of the cell membrane's vital functions are achieved by the self-organization of the proteins and biopolymers embedded in it. The protein dynamics is in part determined by its drag. A large number of these proteins can polymerize to form filaments.In vitrostudies of protein–membrane interactions often involve using rigid beads coated with lipid bilayers, as a model for the cell membrane. Motivated by this, we use slender-body theory to compute the translational and rotational resistance of a single filamentous protein embedded in the outer layer of a supported bilayer membrane and surrounded on the exterior by a Newtonian fluid. We first consider the regime where the two layers are strongly coupled through their inter-leaflet friction. We find that the drag along the parallel direction grows linearly with the filament's length and quadratically with the length for the perpendicular and rotational drag coefficients. These findings are explained using scaling arguments and by analysing the velocity fields around the moving filament. We then present and discuss the qualitative differences between the drag of a filament moving in a freely suspended bilayer and a supported membrane as a function of the membrane's inter-leaflet friction. Finally, we briefly discuss how these findings can be used in experiments to determine membrane rheology. In summary, we present a formulation that allows computation of the effects of membrane properties (its curvature, viscosity and inter-leaflet friction), and the exterior and interior three-dimensional fluids’ depth and viscosity on the drag of a rod-like/filamentous protein, all in a unified theoretical framework.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1944156
- PAR ID:
- 10494084
- Publisher / Repository:
- Cambridge
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics
- Volume:
- 979
- ISSN:
- 0022-1120
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.1036
