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   Blagojević, Pavle V. ; Soberón, Pablo ( February 2018 , Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society)
2. Soft Robotics: If You Can Dream It, Can You Print It?

   https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1401789  

   Williamson, John Garrett ; Schell, Caroline ; Keller, Michael ; Schultz, Joshua ( August 2024 , Frontiers for Young Minds)

   You can print anything... or can you? 3D printing is an exciting new technology that promises to very quickly create anything people can design. Scientists who want to make soft robots, like Baymax from Big Hero 6^TM, are excited about 3D printers. Our team uses 3D printing to make molds to produce soft robots. Molding is like using a muffin tin to make cupcakes. But can you make anything with 3D printing or are there times when 3D-printed molds do not work? Just like a cupcake liner, 3D-printed molds leave ridges, like a Ruffles potato chip, in soft robots. These ridges are a weak point where cracks can form, causing the robot to pop like a balloon. To prevent this, we sometimes need to make our robots using very smooth molds made from metal. This article talks about when and how 3D printing is useful in making soft robots.

    

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3. What Can You Draw?

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4. Can moons have moons?

   https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly219  

   Kollmeier, Juna A. ; Raymond, Sean N. ( November 2018 , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters)

   Each of the giant planets within the Solar system has large moons but none of these moons have their own moons (which we call submoons). By analogy with studies of moons around short-period exoplanets, we investigate the tidal-dynamical stability of submoons. We find that 10 km-scale submoons can only survive around large (1000 km-scale) moons on wide-separation orbits. Tidal dissipation destabilizes the orbits of submoons around moons that are small or too close to their host planet; this is the case for most of the Solar system’s moons. A handful of known moons are, however, capable of hosting long-lived submoons: Saturn’s moons Titan and Iapetus, Jupiter’s moon Callisto, and Earth’s Moon. Based on its inferred mass and orbital separation, the newly discovered exomoon candidate Kepler-1625b-I can in principle host a large submoon, although its stability depends on a number of unknown parameters. We discuss the possible habitability of submoons and the potential for subsubmoons. The existence, or lack thereof, of submoons may yield important constraints on satellite formation and evolution in planetary systems.

    

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5. Grassland biodiversity can pay

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   Binder, Seth ; Isbell, Forest ; Polasky, Stephen ; Catford, Jane A. ; Tilman, David ( April 2018 , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)