Chalcogenide superionic sodium (Na) conductors have great potential as solid electrolytes (SEs) in all‐solid‐state Na batteries with advantages of high energy density, safety, and cost effectiveness. The crystal structures and ionically conductive properties of solid Na‐ion conductors are strongly influenced by synthetic approaches and processing parameters. Thus, understanding the synthesis process is essential to control the structures and phases and to obtain Na‐ion conductors with desirable properties. Thanks to the high‐flux and deep‐penetrating time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction (ND), in‐situ experiments were able to track real‐time structural changes of two chalcogenide SEs (Na3SbS4and Na3SbS3.5Se0.5) during the solid‐state synthesis. For these two conductors, the ND results revealed a fast one‐step reaction for the synthesis and the molten process when heating up, and the recrystallization as well as the cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition up on cooling. Moreover, Se‐doping was found to influence the reaction temperatures, lattice parameter, and structure stability based on neutron experimental observations and theoretical simulation. This work presents a detailed structural study using in‐situ ND technology for the solid synthesis process of chalcogenide Na‐ion conductors, beneficial for the design and synthesis of new solid‐state conductors.
This content will become publicly available on May 22, 2025
Over the past decade, solid‐state batteries have garnered significant attentions due to their potentials to deliver high energy density and excellent safety. Considering the abundant sodium (Na) resources in contrast to lithium (Li), the development of sodium‐based batteries has become increasingly appealing. Sulfide‐based superionic conductors are widely considered as promising solid eletcrolytes (SEs) in solid‐state Na batteries due to the features of high ionic conductivity and cold‐press densification. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to investigate sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors on their synthesis, compositions, conductivity, and the feasibility in batteries. However, there are still several challenges to overcome for their practical applications in high performance solid‐state Na batteries. This article provides a comprehensive update on the synthesis, structure, and properties of three dominant sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors (Na3PS4, Na3SbS4, and Na11Sn2PS12), and their families that have a variety of anion and cation doping. Additionally, the interface stability of these sulfide electrolytes toward the anode is reviewed, as well as the electrochemical performance of solid‐state Na batteries based on different types of cathode materials (metal sulfides, oxides, and organics). Finally, the perspective and outlook for the development and practical utilization of sulfide‐based SE in solid‐state batteries are discussed.
more » « less- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10508862
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Small
- ISSN:
- 1613-6810
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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