M-dwarf stars provide us with an ideal opportunity to study nearby small planets. The HUnting for M Dwarf Rocky planets Using MAROON-X (HUMDRUM) survey uses the MAROON-X spectrograph, which is ideally suited to studying these stars, to measure precise masses of a volume-limited (<30 pc) sample of transiting M-dwarf planets. TOI-1450 is a nearby (22.5 pc) binary system containing a M3 dwarf with a roughly 3000 K companion. Its primary star, TOI-1450A, was identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to have a 2.04 days transit signal, and is included in the HUMDRUM sample. In this paper, we present MAROON-X radial velocities (RVs) which confirm the planetary nature of this signal and measure its mass at nearly 10% precision. The 2.04 days planet, TOI-1450A b, has
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The two known planets in the planetary system of Teegarden’s Star are among the most Earth-like exoplanets currently known. Revisiting this nearby planetary system with two planets in the habitable zone aims at a more complete census of planets around very low-mass stars. A significant number of new radial velocity measurements from CARMENES, ESPRESSO, MAROON-X, and HPF, as well as photometry from TESS motivated a deeper search for additional planets. We confirm and refine the orbital parameters of the two know planets Teegarden’s Star b and c. We also report the detection of a third planet d with an orbital period of 26.13 ± 0.04 days and a minimum mass of 0.82 ± 0.17
- Award ID(s):
- 2108465
- PAR ID:
- 10514037
- Author(s) / Creator(s):
- ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »
- Publisher / Repository:
- ESO
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Volume:
- 684
- ISSN:
- 0004-6361
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- A117
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract R b = 1.13 ± 0.04R ⊕andM b = 1.26 ± 0.13M ⊕. It is the second-lowest-mass transiting planet with a high-precision RV mass measurement. With this mass and radius, the planet’s mean density is compatible with an Earth-like composition. Given its short orbital period and slightly sub-Earth density, it may be amenable to JWST follow-up to test whether the planet has retained an atmosphere despite extreme heating from the nearby star. We also discover a nontransiting planet in the system with a period of 5.07 days and a . We also find a 2.01 days signal present in the systems’s TESS photometry that likely corresponds to the rotation period of TOI-1450A’s binary companion, TOI-1450B. TOI-1450A, meanwhile, appears to have a rotation period of approximately 40 days, which is in line with our expectations for a mid-M dwarf. -
Abstract The orbital architectures of short-period exoplanet systems are shaped by tidal dissipation in their host stars. For low-mass M dwarfs whose dynamical tidal response comprises a dense spectrum of inertial modes at low frequencies, resolving the frequency dependence of tidal dissipation is crucial to capturing the effect of tides on planetary orbits throughout the evolutionary stages of the host star. We use nonperturbative spectral methods to calculate the normal mode oscillations of a fully convective M dwarf modeled using realistic stellar profiles from MESA. We compute the dissipative tidal response composed of contributions from each mode, as well as nonadiabatic coupling between the modes, which we find to be an essential component of the dissipative calculations. Using our results for dissipation, we then compute the evolution of circular, coplanar planetary orbits under the influence of tides in the host star. We find that orbital migration driven by resonance locking affects the orbits of Earth-mass planets at orbital periods
P orb≲ 1.5 days and of Jupiter-mass planets atP orb≲ 2.5 days. Due to resonantly driven orbital decay and outward migration, we predict a dearth of small planets closer thanP orb∼ 1 day and similarly sparse numbers of more massive planets out toP orb∼ 3 days. -
Abstract Exoplanet systems with multiple transiting planets are natural laboratories for testing planetary astrophysics. One such system is HD 191939 (TOI 1339), a bright (
V = 9) and Sun-like (G9V) star, which TESS found to host three transiting planets (b, c, and d). The planets have periods of 9, 29, and 38 days each with similar sizes from 3 to 3.4R ⊕. To further characterize the system, we measured the radial velocity (RV) of HD 191939 over 415 days with Keck/HIRES and APF/Levy. We find thatM b = 10.4 ± 0.9M ⊕andM c = 7.2 ± 1.4M ⊕, which are low compared to most known planets of comparable radii. The RVs yield only an upper limit onM d (<5.8M ⊕at 2σ ). The RVs further reveal a fourth planet (e) with a minimum mass of 0.34 ± 0.01M Jupand an orbital period of 101.4 ± 0.4 days. Despite its nontransiting geometry, secular interactions between planet e and the inner transiting planets indicate that planet e is coplanar with the transiting planets (Δi < 10°). We identify a second high-mass planet (f) with 95% confidence intervals on mass between 2 and 11M Jupand period between 1700 and 7200 days, based on a joint analysis of RVs and astrometry from Gaia and Hipparcos. As a bright star hosting multiple planets with well-measured masses, HD 191939 presents many options for comparative planetary astronomy, including characterization with JWST. -
Despite the thousands of planets in orbit around stars known to date, the mechanisms of planetary formation, migration, and atmospheric loss remain unresolved. In this work, we confirm the planetary nature of a young Saturn-size planet transiting a solar-type star every 8.03 d, TOI-1135 b. The age of the parent star is estimated to be in the interval of 125-1000 Myr based on various activity and age indicators, including its stellar rotation period of 5.13 ± 0.27 days and the intensity of photospheric lithium. We obtained follow-up photometry and spectroscopy, including precise radial velocity measurements using the CARMENES spectrograph, which together with the TESS data allowed us to fully characterise the parent star and its planet. As expected for its youth, the star is rather active and shows strong photometric and spectroscopic variability correlating with its rotation period. We modelled the stellar variability using Gaussian process regression. We measured the planetary radius at 9.02 ± 0.23
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We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet (
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