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1. The Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions Targeting Parents and Youth in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Systematic Review

   https://doi.org/10.2196/47334  

   Ou, Lihong; Chen, Angela Chia-Chen; Amresh, Ashish (November 2023, JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting)

   BackgroundThe prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its related cancers is a major global concern. In the United States, routine HPV vaccination is recommended for youth aged 11 or 12 years. Despite HPV being the most common sexually transmitted infection and the vaccine’s proven efficacy, the vaccination rate among US youth remains below the recommended 80% completion rate. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated promise in improving health. Examining and synthesizing the current evidence about the impact of mHealth interventions on vaccination coverage in youth and intervention characteristics could guide future mHealth interventions aimed at mitigating the vaccination gap and disease burden. ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on parental intent to vaccinate youth against HPV and youth’s vaccine uptake. MethodsWe searched empirical papers through databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were the following: (1) published between January 2011 and December 2022; (2) using mHealth aimed to improve HPV vaccination rate; (3) targeted unvaccinated youth or their parents; and (4) measured HPV-related knowledge, vaccination intention, or vaccine uptake. Overall, 3 researchers screened and appraised the quality of the eligible papers using the Melnyk Levels of Evidence and the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Disagreements in search results and result interpretation were resolved through consensus. ResultsOverall, 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final review. Most studies were conducted in the United States (14/17, 82%), used a randomized controlled trial design (12/17, 71%), and adopted behavior change theories or a culture-centric approach (10/17, 59%). mHealth interventions included SMS text message reminders, motivational SMS text messages, computer-tailored or tablet-tailored interventions, smartphone apps, web-based tailored interventions, social media (Facebook) campaigns, digital videos, and digital storytelling interventions. Approximately 88% (15/17) of the mHealth interventions demonstrated positive effects on knowledge, intention, or behaviors related to HPV vaccination. Overall, 12% (2/17) reported limited or no intervention impact on vaccine uptake or vaccine series completion. Effective vaccine uptake was commonly seen in interventions based on behavior change theories and those that provided culturally relevant information. ConclusionsThis systematic review identified the impact of mHealth interventions among unvaccinated youth and their parents, which showed improvement in HPV-related knowledge, vaccination intention, or vaccine initiation. The interventions that incorporated theories and culture-centric approaches revealed the most promising results. Although these outcomes are encouraging, future studies are needed to investigate factors associated with the success of interventions using SMS text messaging or social media. More studies are also needed for a better understanding of the intervention elements that boost the responses of age-specific and ethnicity-specific populations. 

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2. Interventions to Mitigate Fatigue Induced by Physical Work: A Systematic Review of Research Quality and Levels of Evidence for Intervention Efficacy

   https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819876141  

   Lu, Lin; Megahed, Fadel_M; Cavuoto, Lora_A (October 2019, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society)

   ObjectiveWe present a literature review on workplace physical fatigue interventions, focusing on evaluating the methodological quality and strength of evidence. BackgroundPhysical fatigue is a recognized workplace problem, with negative effects on performance and health-related complaints. Although many studies have focused on the mechanisms and consequences of fatigue, few have considered the effectiveness of interventions to mitigate fatigue. MethodA systematic review of the workplace safety literature for controlled trials of physical fatigue interventions was conducted. Data on intervention type, subject characteristics, targeted tasks and body locations, outcome measures, and study design were extracted. The methodological quality for each study was evaluated using the PEDro scale, and the level of evidence was based on quality, amount, and consistency. ResultsForty-five controlled trials were reviewed, examining 18 interventions. We categorized those interventions into individual-focused ( N = 28 studies, nine interventions), workplace-focused ( N = 12 studies, five interventions), and multiple interventions ( N = 5 studies, four interventions). We identified moderate evidence for interventions related to assistive devices and task variation. There was moderate evidence supporting no fatigue attenuation for the garment change category of interventions. The interventions in the remaining categories had limited to minimal evidence of efficacy. The heterogeneity of the included trials precludes the determination of effect size. ConclusionThis review showed a lack of high levels of evidence for the effectiveness of most physical fatigue interventions. ApplicationDue to a lack of high levels of evidence for any category of reviewed physical fatigue interventions, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the efficacy of others. 

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3. Artificial Intelligence in Rehabilitation Targeting the Participation of Children and Youth With Disabilities: Scoping Review

   https://doi.org/10.2196/25745  

   Kaelin, Vera C; Valizadeh, Mina; Salgado, Zurisadai; Parde, Natalie; Khetani, Mary A (January 2021, Journal of Medical Internet Research)

   Background In the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve child and youth participation in daily life activities, which is a key rehabilitation outcome. However, existing reviews place variable focus on participation, are narrow in scope, and are restricted to select diagnoses, hindering interpretability regarding the existing scope of AI applications that target the participation of children and youth in a pediatric rehabilitation setting. Objective The aim of this scoping review is to examine how AI is integrated into pediatric rehabilitation interventions targeting the participation of children and youth with disabilities or other diagnosed health conditions in valued activities. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search using established Applied Health Sciences and Computer Science databases. Two independent researchers screened and selected the studies based on a systematic procedure. Inclusion criteria were as follows: participation was an explicit study aim or outcome or the targeted focus of the AI application; AI was applied as part of the provided and tested intervention; children or youth with a disability or other diagnosed health conditions were the focus of either the study or AI application or both; and the study was published in English. Data were mapped according to the types of AI, the mode of delivery, the type of personalization, and whether the intervention addressed individual goal-setting. Results The literature search identified 3029 documents, of which 94 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies used multiple applications of AI with the highest prevalence of robotics (72/94, 77%) and human-machine interaction (51/94, 54%). Regarding mode of delivery, most of the included studies described an intervention delivered in-person (84/94, 89%), and only 11% (10/94) were delivered remotely. Most interventions were tailored to groups of individuals (93/94, 99%). Only 1% (1/94) of interventions was tailored to patients’ individually reported participation needs, and only one intervention (1/94, 1%) described individual goal-setting as part of their therapy process or intervention planning. Conclusions There is an increasing amount of research on interventions using AI to target the participation of children and youth with disabilities or other diagnosed health conditions, supporting the potential of using AI in pediatric rehabilitation. On the basis of our results, 3 major gaps for further research and development were identified: a lack of remotely delivered participation-focused interventions using AI; a lack of individual goal-setting integrated in interventions; and a lack of interventions tailored to individually reported participation needs of children, youth, or families. 

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4. A choice experiment assessment of stated early response to COVID-19 vaccines in the USA

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-022-00368-w  

   Daziano, Ricardo A. (March 2022, Health Economics Review)

   Abstract BackgroundUsing choice microdata (N=2723) across the USA, this paper analyzes elicited acceptance of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. MethodsThe hypothetical vaccines in a choice experiment were described in terms of effectiveness, days for antibodies to develop, duration of protection, risk of both mild and severe side effects, which health agency mainly supports the vaccine, country of origin, and when the vaccine was developed. Out-of-pocket cost was also considered as characteristic of the vaccines to derive welfare measures. ResultsAll vaccine attributes had expected signs with significant estimates. Vaccines developed in the USA and the UK were preferred to a hypothetical German vaccine, whereas a Chinese origin was very negatively perceived. Since the choice scenarios also gave the option to opt out from taking the vaccine, odds ratios were derived to characterize the segments that are more and less likely to accept vaccination. More likely to opt out were found to be those who stated to be against vaccination in general, African Americans, individuals without health insurance, and older people. Males, democrats, those who took the flu vaccine appear as more willing to accept vaccination. ConclusionsEstimates of the fitted choice models in this study are informative for current and future immunization programs. 

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5. A Systematic Review of Data Collection and Analysis Methods in K–12 Educational Games

   https://doi.org/10.3102/2110403  

   Ma, Tianyu; Kahn, Jennifer; Hardy, Lisa; Radke, Sarah (April 2024, AERA Online Paper Repository)

   This paper reports on systematic literature review that examined learning theories and data collection and analysis methods used to study game-based learning in research on educational digital games for K-12 populations. Through electronic database, hand, and ancestral searches, we identified 25 empirical studies (29 educational games) published in peer-review journals that report evidence of how students learn through in-game and out-of-game data collection and analysis methods. Taking an approach to game-based learning as identity-driven and situated, we found that while games do not take such an approach to game-based learning, games tend to collect data on players’ social interactions and collaborative experiences. The review also highlighted the opportunity for providing real-time feedback and data to players during gameplay. 

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