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1. Bias and fairness in software and automation tools in digital forensics

   https://doi.org/10.20517/jsss.2023.41  

   Jinad, Razaq ; Gupta, Khushi ; Simsek, Ecem ; Zhou, Bing ( January 2024 , Journal of Surveillance, Security and Safety)

   The proliferation of software tools and automated techniques in digital forensics has brought about some controversies regarding bias and fairness. Different biases exist and have been proven in some civil and criminal cases. In our research, we analyze and discuss these biases present in software tools and automation systems used by law enforcement organizations and in court proceedings. Furthermore, we present real-life cases and scenarios where some of these biases have determined or influenced these cases. We were also able to provide recommendations for reducing bias in software tools, which we hope will be the foundation for a framework that reduces or eliminates bias from software tools used in digital forensics. In conclusion, we anticipate that this research can help increase validation in digital forensics software tools and ensure users' trust in the tools and automation techniques.

    

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2. Combating disinformation in a social media age

   https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1385  

   Shu, Kai ; Bhattacharjee, Amrita ; Alatawi, Faisal ; Nazer, Tahora H. ; Ding, Kaize ; Karami, Mansooreh ; Liu, Huan ( August 2020 , WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery)

   The creation, dissemination, and consumption of disinformation and fabricated content on social media is a growing concern, especially with the ease of access to such sources, and the lack of awareness of the existence of such false information. In this article, we present an overview of the techniques explored to date for the combating of disinformation with various forms. We introduce different forms of disinformation, discuss factors related to the spread of disinformation, elaborate on the inherent challenges in detecting disinformation, and show some approaches to mitigating disinformation via education, research, and collaboration. Looking ahead, we present some promising future research directions on disinformation.

   This article is categorized under:

   Algorithmic Development > Multimedia

   Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations

   Application Areas > Education and Learning

    

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3. Essentially finite generation of valuation rings in terms of classical invariants

   https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.201900287  

   Cutkosky, Steven Dale ; Novacoski, Josnei ( October 2020 , Mathematische Nachrichten)

   The main goal of this paper is to study some properties of an extension of valuations from classical invariants. More specifically, we consider a valued field and an extension ω of ν to a finite extensionLofK. Then we study when the valuation ring of ω is essentially finitely generated over the valuation ring of ν. We present a necessary condition in terms of classic invariants of the extension by Hagen Knaf and show that in some particular cases, this condition is also sufficient. We also study when the corresponding extension of graded algebras is finitely generated. For this problem we present an equivalent condition (which is weaker than the one for the finite generation of the valuation rings).

    

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4. Computing Reeb dynamics on four-dimensional convex polytopes

   https://doi.org/10.3934/jcd.2021016  

   Chaidez, Julian ; Hutchings, Michael ( January 2021 , Journal of Computational Dynamics)

   null (Ed.)

   We study the combinatorial Reeb flow on the boundary of a four-dimensional convex polytope. We establish a correspondence between "combinatorial Reeb orbits" for a polytope, and ordinary Reeb orbits for a smoothing of the polytope, respecting action and Conley-Zehnder index. One can then use a computer to find all combinatorial Reeb orbits up to a given action and Conley-Zehnder index. We present some results of experiments testing Viterbo's conjecture and related conjectures. In particular, we have found some new examples of polytopes with systolic ratio \begin{document}$ 1 $\end{document}.

    

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5. EVALUATING THE TIMING OF EARLY VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN NEW YORK: MORE DATES FROM CLASSIC NEW YORK SITES

   https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2024.10  

   Birch, Jennifer ; Manning, Sturt W ; Hart, John P ; Lorentzen, Brita ( February 2024 , Radiocarbon)

   Five sites in present-day New York have played important roles in archaeological narratives surrounding the development of settled village life in northeastern North America. Excavated in the mid-twentieth century, the Roundtop, Maxon-Derby, Sackett or Canandaigua, Bates, and Kelso sites include evidence related to the transition from semisedentary settlement-subsistence patterns during the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD to those associated with fifteenth century and later settled Iroquoian villagers. Radiocarbon dates for each site were obtained early in the development of the method and again following the transition to AMS dating. Here, we present new or recently-published dates for these sites, combined with reliable existing dates in Bayesian models, including in some cases short tree-ring sequenced wiggle-matches on wood charcoal. Our results clarify the timing of each site’s occupation(s), revealing both continuity and discontinuity in the development of longhouse dwellings, sedentism, and the repeated re-use of some site locations over hundreds of years.

    

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