Lead halide perovskites (LHP) are of interest for light-emitting applications due to the tunability of their bandgap across the visible and near-infrared spectrum (IR) coupled with efficient photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). It is widely speculated that photoexcited electrons and holes spatially separate into large negative (electron) and positive (hole) polarons. Polarons are expected to be optically active. With the observed optoelectronic signatures expecting to show potential excited states within the polaronic potential well. From the polaron excited-state we predict that large polarons should be capable of spontaneous emission, photoluminescence, in the mid-IR to far-IR regime based on the concept of inverse occupations within the polaron potential well. Here we use density functional theory (DFT), including spin–orbit coupling interactions, for calculations on a two-dimensional Dion-Jacobson (DJ) lead chloride perovskite atomistic model of various sizes as a host material for either negative or positive polarons to examine the effects of size on polaron formation. This work provides computational evidence that polaron formation through selective charge injection does not show the same level of localisation for positive and negative polarons.
more »
« less
Role of perovskite thickness on optoelectronic properties in lead bromide and lead iodide thin film perovskites: A DFT study
Two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites are of interest for photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to their favorable properties that can be tuned. Here we use density functional theory to model two-dimensional lead halide perovskites of different thicknesses and using two different hallogens. Excited-state optoelectronic properties of the perovskite models are examined using excited-state dynamics treated by reduced density matrix method. Nonadiabatic couplings were computed based on the on-the-fly approach along a molecular dynamics trajectory at ambient temperatures. The density matrix-based equation of motion for electronic degrees of freedom was used to determine the dynamics of electronic degrees of freedom. We observe that the thickness of the perovskite layer shows a redshift in the absorption spectra with increasing thickness but has minimal effect on the photoluminescence quantum yield of the material.
more »
« less
- PAR ID:
- 10528766
- Publisher / Repository:
- Materials Research Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- MRS Advances
- Volume:
- 8
- Issue:
- 16
- ISSN:
- 2059-8521
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 901 to 906
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites exhibit unique properties, such as long charge carrier lifetimes, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and great tolerance to defects. Over the last several decades tremendous progress has occurred in the development of 2D layered halide perovskite semiconductor materials and devices. Chemical functionalization of 2D halide perovskites is an effective approach for tuning their electronic properties. A large amount of effort has been made in compositional engineering of the cations and anions in the perovskite lattice. However, few efforts have incorporated rationally designed semiconducting organic moieties into these systems to alter the overall chemical and optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites. In fact, incorporation of large conjugated organic groups in the spatially confined inorganic perovskite matrix was found to be challenging, and this synthetic challenge hinders a deeper understanding of the materials’ structure–property relationships. Recently, exciting progress has been made regarding the molecular design, optical characterization, and device fabrication of novel 2D halide perovskite materials that incorporate functional organic semiconducting building blocks. In this article, we provide a timely review regarding this recent progress. Moreover, we discuss successes and current challenges regarding the synthesis, characterization, and device applications of such hybrid materials and provide a perspective on the true future promise of these advanced nanomaterials.more » « less
-
Abstract While the challenges associated with the stability of metal halide perovskites are well known and intensely studied, variability in electronic properties represents an equally significant, yet seldom studied, challenge that could potentially slow or inhibit the commercial viability of these systems. In this work, the contactless characterization technique time‐resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) is used to quantify the variability in electronic properties of the prototypical perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) both between different samples, and at different locations within the same sample. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a quasi‐automated image‐analysis strategy, it is possible to evaluate the metrics of heterogeneity in surface microstructure and correlate them with the electronic properties as obtained by TRMC. Substantial intra‐sample and inter‐sample variation is observed in the mobility‐yield product in samples prepared following differing protocols, and in samples prepared following identical protocols.more » « less
-
Hybrid perovskites incorporating conjugated organic cations enable unusual charge carrier interactions among organic and inorganic structural components, but are difficult to prepare as films due to disparate component chemical/physical characteristics ( e.g. , solubility, thermal stability). Here we demonstrate that resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) mitigates these challenges, enabling facile deposition of lead-halide-based perovskite films incorporating variable-length oligothiophene cations. Density functional theory (DFT) predicts suitable organic and inorganic moieties that form quantum-well-like structures with targeted luminescence or exciton separation/quenching. RIR-MAPLE-deposited films enable confirmation of these predictions by optical measurements, which further display excited state behavior transcending traditional quantum-well models— i.e. , with appropriate selection of specially synthesized organic/inorganic moieties, intercomponent carrier transfer efficiently converts excitons from singlet to triplet states in organics for which intersystem crossing cannot ordinarily compete with recombination. These observations demonstrate the uniquely versatile excited-state behavior in hybrid perovskite quantum wells, and the value of integrating DFT, organic synthesis, RIR-MAPLE and spectroscopy for screening/preparing rationally devised complex structures.more » « less
-
Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs 2 SnI x Cl 6−x )Organic–inorganic hybrid lead-based perovskites experience significant environmental instability under ambient moist air and are not environmentally benign due to the usage of toxic Pb. Here, we report a new approach to synthesize lead-free all inorganic perovskites (Cs 2 SnI x Cl 6−x ) using hydriodic acid (HI) demonstrating greatly enhanced environmental stability and tunable optical properties by controlling the I − /Cl − ratios. Single phase perovskites can be achieved with a low iodine or chlorine content, and a phase separation occurs in the binary system with closer iodine and chlorine dopings. UV-vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence measurements reveal tunable band gaps of Cs 2 SnI x Cl 6−x perovskites from the UV to the infrared region. The mixed halide perovskite with a lower chloride content shows significantly higher photoluminescence intensity. The thermal stability of mixed halide all-inorganic perovskites is continuously improved as the Cl content increases. The synthesis of Sn-based perovskites with tunable optical properties and environmental stability represents one step further toward the realization of the stable lead-free all inorganic perovskites.more » « less
An official website of the United States government

