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Every artist has a creative process that draws inspiration from previous artists and their works. Today, “inspiration” has been automated by generative music models. The black box nature of these models obscures the identity of the works that influence their creative output. As a result, users may inadvertently appropriate, misuse, or copy existing artists’ works. We establish a replicable methodology to systematically identify similar pieces of music audio in a manner that is useful for understanding training data attribution. A key aspect of our approach is to harness an effective music audio similarity measure. We compare the effect of applying CLMR [50] and CLAP [55] embeddings to similarity measurement in a set of 5 million audio clips used to train VampNet [24], a recent open source generative music model. We validate this approach with a human listening study. We also explore the effect that modifications of an audio example (e.g., pitch shifting, time stretching, background noise) have on similarity measurements. This work is foundational to incorporating automated influence attribution into generative modeling, which promises to let model creators and users move from ignorant appropriation to informed creation. Audio samples that accompany this paper are available at https://tinyurl.com/exploring-musical-roots.
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Visualize Music Using Generative Arts
Music is one of the most universal forms of communication and entertainment across cultures. This can largely be credited to the sense of synesthesia, or the combining of senses. Based on this concept of synesthesia, we want to explore whether generative AI can create visual representations for music. The aim is to inspire the user’s imagination and enhance the user experience when enjoying music. Our approach has the following steps: (a) Music is analyzed and classified into multiple dimensions (including instruments, emotion, tempo, pitch range, harmony, and dynamics) to produce textual descriptions. (b) The texts form inputs of machine models that can predict the genre of the input audio. (c) The prompts are inputs of generative machine models to create visual representations. The visual representations are continuously updated as the music plays, ensuring that the visual effects aptly mirror the musical changes. A comprehensive user study with 88 users confirms that our approach is able to generate visual art reflecting the music pieces. From a list of images covering both abstract images and realistic images, users considered that our system-generated images can better represent pieces of music than human-chosen images. It suggests that generative arts can become a promising method to enhance users' listening experience while enjoying music. Our method provides a new approach to visualize music and to enjoy music through generative arts.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2326198
- PAR ID:
- 10533890
- Publisher / Repository:
- IEEE
- Date Published:
- ISBN:
- 979-8-3503-5409-6
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1516 to 1521
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Location:
- Singapore, Singapore
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/CAI59869.2024.00273
