The ammonia (NH3) and dimethyl ether (DME) mixture is a promising alternative fuel that offers the potential for cleaner combustion. This study presents an investigation of the autoignition-assisted flame speeds of stochiometric NH3/DME mixtures under conditions relevant to practical combustion systems. Experiments were conducted at pressures of 5 and 10 bar, gas temperatures ranging from 625 to 708 K, and three DME concentrations (10, 20, and 30%, mole fraction basis) in NH3/DME fuel mixtures using a rapid compression machine-flame (RCM-Flame) apparatus. For the majority of the autoignition experiments, first-stage ignition delay time was observed. Thus, the flame experiments were performed by igniting the spark both before and after the first-stage ignition delay time. The results are presented in terms of the Beta-Damköhler Number, defined as the ratio of spark ignition time to the first-stage ignition delay. The flame speed changes depending on the Beta-Damköhler Number, pressure, gas temperature, and DME concentration. The flame speed increases by increasing the temperature, decreasing the pressure, and increasing DME concentrations. However, the effect of Beta-Damköhler Number on flame speed is complicated: with 10% DME in the mixture, the flame speed is independent to Beta-Damköhler Number, and slight observed slight decrease of flame speed is due to the temperature drop during the post-compression period; with 20% DME in the mixture, at both pressures, the flame speed jumps after the first ignition delay (or Beta-Damköhler Number of one) , and remains constant before and after; similar behavior was observed with 30% DME in the mixture at 5 bar, however, at some temperatures, the flame speed increases at Beta-Damköhler Number of greater than one, and at 10 bar, the first ignition delay was short and flame speed was not measured at Beta-Damköhler Number of less than one. For all studied conditions, a linear trend was observed between burning velocity and stretch rate. Positive Markstein lengths were observed at most conditions, except for two specific gas temperatures (664 K at 5 bar and 671 K at 10 bar) with 30% DME, where negative Markstein lengths are found. One-dimensional laminar flame speed simulations agreed with measured data for Beta-Damköhler Numbers. less than one, but underpredicted the measured data at other conditions.
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Ignition characteristics of cellulose hydrochar using in-situ diagnostics
This work investigates the ignition behavior of cellulose hydrochar fuels carbonized at two different temperatures. Particles are burned in a Hencken burner under various O2/N2 mixtures where the impacts of ambient temperature and oxygen mole fractions are assessed independently. CH* chemiluminescence imaging and particle image velocimetry are used to characterize the ignition delay time. Results reveal that for both hydrochars ignition delay time is inversely proportional to the surrounding gas temperature. Ignition delay time shows a non-monotonic dependency on O2 mole fraction. Increasing the O2 fraction decreases the ignition delay time until O2 concentration is at a critical value, after which it increases.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2031710
- PAR ID:
- 10536034
- Publisher / Repository:
- Combustion Institute
- Date Published:
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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