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Epitaxial thick films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are ideal for use in microwave devices due to their low losses at high frequencies. This report is on the growth of strain-engineered YIG films by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) on yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) substrates with −3% lattice mismatch with YIG. Since the use of a lattice-matched substrate is preferred for LPE growths, a seed layer of YIG, 370–400 nm in thickness, was deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (100), (110), and (111) YAG substrates. The seed layers were stoichiometric with magnetic parameters in agreement with the parameters for bulk single-crystal YIG and with strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field Ha = 0.19–0.43 kOe. YIG films, 4 to 8.4 μm in thickness, were grown by LPE at 870 °C on YAG substrates with the seed layers using the PbO+B2O3 flux and annealed in air at 1000 °C. The films were Y-rich and Fe-deficient and confirmed to be epitaxial single crystals by X-ray diffraction. The saturation magnetization 4πMs at room temperature was rather high and ranged from 1.9 kG to 2.3 kG. Ferromagnetic resonance at 5–15 GHz showed the absence of significant magneto-crystalline anisotropy in the LPE films with the line-width ΔH in the range 85–160 Oe, and Ha = 0.27–0.80 kOe which is much higher than for the seed layers. The high magnetization and Ha-values for the LPE films could be partially attributed to the off-stoichiometry. Although the strain due to the film–substrate lattice mismatch contributes to Ha, the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients for YIG and YAG is also a likely cause of Ha due to the high growth and annealing temperatures. The LPE-grown YIG films with high strain-induced anisotropy fields have the potential for use in self-biased microwave devices.
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Magneto‐Optical Bi‐Substituted Yttrium and Terbium Iron Garnets for On‐Chip Crystallization via Microheaters
Abstract Ferrimagnetic iron garnets enable magnetic and magneto‐optical functionality in silicon photonics and electronics. However, garnets require high‐temperature processing for crystallization which can degrade other devices on the wafer. Here bismuth‐substituted yttrium and terbium iron garnet (Bi‐YIG and Bi‐TbIG) films are demonstrated with good magneto‐optical performance and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) crystallized by a microheater built on a Si chip or by rapid thermal annealing. The Bi‐TbIG film crystallizes on Si at 873 K without a seed layer and exhibits good magneto‐optical properties with Faraday rotation (FR) of −1700 deg cm−1. The Bi‐YIG film also crystallizes on Si and fused SiO2at 873 K without a seed layer. Rapidly cooled films exhibit PMA due to the tensile stress caused by the thermal expansion mismatch with the substrates, increasing the magnetoelastic anisotropy by 4 kJ m−3versus slow‐cooled films. Annealing in the air for 15 s using the microheater yields fully crystallized Bi‐TbIG on the Si chip.
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- PAR ID:
- 10538445
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Optical Materials
- ISSN:
- 2195-1071
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202400708
