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Two recently discovered vertebrae collections from the Gabbs Formation in New York Canyon, Nevada, USA are among the first Late Triassic pistosauroid fossils reported from North America. Pistosauroidea were a group of long-necked secondarily aquatic reptiles that belong to the clade sauropterygia. Pistosauroids first evolved in the Triassic Period but later became an integral part of the Mesozoic marine ecosystem as the iconic plesiosaurs during the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. Our findings include a single small centrum from near the Triassic/Jurassic boundary and a block of similarly sized associated vertebrae from the early Rhaetian. The vertebrae exhibit a uniquely pistosauroid external morphology. The centrum is antero-posteriorly narrow but dorso-ventrally tall with gently amphicoelous faces. The histology revealed through micro-CT scanning, is also diagnostically pistosauroid. In sagittal cross-section, a denser layer of bone is visible along the faces of the centrum, while a unique V-shaped texture extending from the base of the neural canal is visible in transverse cross-section. The New York Canyon locality has long been renowned as a reference section for the Late Triassic and Triassic/Jurassic boundary but has only recently become a focus for vertebrate research. The Gabbs Formation at this locality is a relatively shallow marine environment and ranges from mid ramp to inner ramp. Vertebrate material has been noted throughout New York Canyon, nearly all of which has been identified as ichthyosaur, but these discoveries have shown the potential for the area as an important site for Late Triassic sauropterygians which have a poor record globally and were previously unknown from North America. Despite the limited nature of this new material, it is significant in providing evidence of the presence of pistosauroids in the Late Triassic of Eastern Panthalassa and helps fill in the exceptionally sparse history of sauropterygians in the Triassic of cordilleran North America.
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LATE TRIASSIC CONODONTS FROM NEW YORK CANYON, NEVADA, AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO THE POSITION OF THE NORIAN-RHAETIAN BOUNDARY
Sections of the Gabbs Formation exposed near New York Canyon, Nevada, have long been recognized as important sites for Late Triassic and Early Jurassic stratigraphy, and the Norian-Rhaetian parts of these sections continue to be important for defining this boundary (NRB). The two candidate sections for the base of the Rhaetian are in Tethys; both sections utilize the first occurrence of the conodont species Misikella posthernsteini as a proxy for the boundary. Although not a candidate section, data from New York Canyon will help to determine the most suitable position for the NRB, especially in Panthalassa. Previous reports of conodonts from New York Canyon recognized a fauna with Mockina englandi, Mo. bidentata and morphotypes of Mo. mosheri in the Nun Mine Member, below isolated occurrences of Zieglericonus rhaeticum and Mi. posthernsteini in the Mount Hyatt and Muller Canyon members. The first occurrence of Mi. posthernsteini in the section occurs well above the first occurrence of Rhaetian ammonoids (Paracochloceras amoenum) and together with late Rhaetian radiolarians. It is also above excursions in Sr- and C-isotopes, both of which correlate with Tethyan NRB excursions. Therefore, the NRB has previously been placed much lower in North America than Tethys, at the first occurrences of the radiolarian Proparvicingula moniliformis and the conodont Mo. mosheri morphotype C. To help reconcile the biochronological and geochemical data from New York Canyon, new conodont samples have been collected from the Nun Mine and Mt Hyatt members at the New York Canyon Road and Luning Draw sections. These samples contain: Mo. englandi, Mo. bidentata, and Mo. mosheri morphotypes B and C, all previously reported from New York Canyon, although this is the first record of Mo. mosheri morphotype C from the Nun Mine Member; Parvigondolella spp. B and C, from much lower in the Nun Mine Member than previously reported; and Pa. andrusovi, which has not previously been recorded from North America. Overall, this fauna represents the Mo. bidentata and Mo. mosheri zones of North America, equivalent to the Sevatian Mo. bidentata and Pa. andrusovi zones of Tethys. This would be consistent with a higher placement of the NRB at New York Canyon; however, if the NRB is to be recognized at the first occurrence of Mo. mosheri morphotype C, then the boundary must be lower than previously thought, within the Nun Mine Member.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1654088
- PAR ID:
- 10538663
- Publisher / Repository:
- Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
- Date Published:
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023AM-393565
