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1. Micro-machined 3D Cube Antenna for X-Band Communication ICs

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WAMICON47156.2021.9443599  

   Wang, Yuxin; Tsao, Han-yu; Sauber, Noah; Weikle, Robert M.; Lichtenberger, Arthur W.; Barker, N. Scott (April 2021, 2021 IEEE 21st Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON))

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   A 3D cube antenna for CMOS communication ICs is proposed in this paper. The antenna is fabricated on the surface of a cube for the interior CMOS chip placement. The antenna system consists of a meandered line antenna plated gold on three silicon planes of the cube and a balun on one plane. Three planes are then connected and folded by gold, and fixed in a plastic carrier. This antenna is designed for X-band receivers (8-12 GHz) and its measured peak gain is -1.38 dBi with 7% -10 dB reflection coefficient at 10.35 GHz. The antenna cube interior size is 3 mm×3 mm×3 mm, of which the cubic shape allows for CMOS IC packaging inside the cube’s hollow interior. 

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2. Modified U Slot Patch Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136108  

   Govindarajulu, Sandhiya Reddy; Tarek, Md Nurul; Guerra, Marisol Roman; Hassan, Asif; Alwan, Elias (July 2023, Sensors)

   This paper presents a single-fed, single-layer, dual-band antenna with a large frequency ratio of 4.74:1 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The antenna consists of a 28 GHz inset-fed rectangular patch embedded into a 5.9 GHz patch antenna for dual-band operation. The designed dual-band antenna operates from 5.81 to 5.99 GHz (Dedicated Short Range Communications, DSRC) and 27.9 to 30.1 GHz (5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band). Furthermore, the upper band patch was modified by inserting slots near the inset feed line to achieve an instantaneous bandwidth of 4.5 GHz. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The manufactured prototype operates simultaneously from 5.8 to 6.05 GHz and from 26.8 to 31.3 GHz. Notably, the designed dual-band antenna offers a high peak gain of 7.7 dBi in the DSRC band and 6.38 dBi in the 5G mm-wave band. 

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3. A D-band Calibration-Free Passive 360° Phase Shifter With 1.2°RMS Phase Error in 45 nm RFSOI

   https://doi.org/10.1109/RFIC54547.2023.10186160  

   Abbasi, Mohammadreza; Lee, Wooram (June 2023, 2023 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC))

   This paper presents a new concept of passive phase shifters based on manipulating propagation delay through two parallel transmission lines periodically connected via digitally controlled switch networks. The proposed approach enables precise phase control and flat amplitude response across different phase settings. The prototype IC is fabricated in a 45 nm RFSOI process and occupies only 0.033 mm^2 . The phase control operates with 11.25°steps over 360° at 140 GHz while maintaining an RMS phase error of 1.2°. The insertion loss is 11.5 dB with < ±0.8 dB variation. Among published D-band phase shifters, this work achieves the lowest RMS phase error and reports bi-directional phase control over 360° and calibration-free operation. 

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4. Laser enhanced direct print additive manufacturing for mm-wave components and packaging

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEAA.2017.8065575  

   Rojas-Nastrucci, Eduardo A.; Ramirez, Ramiro; Hawatmeh, Derar; Lan, Di; Wang, Jing; Weller, Thomas (September 2017, 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA))

   Direct print additive manufacturing (DPAM) is an additive manufacturing technique that combines fused deposition modeling with micro-dispensing. As a multimaterial 3D printing method it has proven to be effective for fabricating printed electronics that operate in the microwave frequency range. This paper discusses the addition of picosecond laser processing to the DPAM process, and the enhancements to high-frequency performance and design capability that are made possible. The use of laser-enhanced DPAM for 3D fabrication of transmission lines, passive components and packaging is discussed. 

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5. Metamaterial-Based LTCC Compressed Luneburg Lens Antenna at 60 GHz for Wireless Communications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112354  

   Zelenchuk, Dmitry; Kirillov, Vitalii; Kärnfelt, Camilla; Gallée, Francois; Munina, Irina (June 2023, Electronics)

   In this study, a metamaterial-based LTCC compressed Luneburg lens was designed, manufactured and measured. The lens was designed at 60 GHz to utilize the unlicensed mm-wave spectrum available for short-range high-capacity wireless communication networks. The transformation optics method was applied to ensure the compression of the Luneburg lens antenna and thus maintain a low-profile structure. The two different types of unit cells for low and high permittivity regions were considered. The parametric study of the effect of compression on lens performance was presented. The antenna is implemented with a standard high-permittivity LTCC process, and details of the manufacturing process for the metamaterial lens are discussed. The low-profile lens is thinner than 2 mm and measures 19 mm in diameter. A size reduction of 63.6% in comparison with a spherical lens was achieved. The near-field to far-field mm-wave measurement technique is presented, and the measurement results show a peak antenna gain of 16 dBi at 60 GHz and a beam-scanning capacity with 1 dB scan loss within a 50° field of view. 

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