Epoxidation of high-linolenic perilla oil was carried out in the presence of solid acidic ion-exchange resin at varying reaction temperatures for 8 h. A pseudo two-phase kinetic model that captures the differences in reactivity of double bonds at various positions in the fatty acid of a triglyceride molecule during both epoxy formation and cleavage was developed. The proposed model is based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (L-H-H-W) postulates and considers the adsorption of formic acid on the catalyst as the rate-determining step. To estimate the kinetic rate constants of various reactions, genetic algorithm was used to fit experimentally obtained iodine and epoxy values of epoxidized perilla oil. A re-parametrized form of Arrhenius equation was used in the proposed model to facilitate the precise estimation of parameters with least computational effort. The obtainment of the least error between experimentally determined and theoretically predicted iodine and epoxy values indicates the robustness of the proposed model.
This content will become publicly available on May 28, 2025
Washing crude epoxidized oil is an indispensable step for the removal of residual acetic acid and unreacted hydrogen peroxide after epoxidation. There are many studies on the epoxidation of vegetable oils but there are many discrepancies in the washing process which likely leads to water wastage, excess use of neutralizing agent, and additional processing time. Hence, this study aims to optimize the washing step by analyzing the quality of each washing step and developing a model that can predict the amount of acid removed. Soybean oil (1.5 kg) was epoxidized at 60°C for 5.5 h using Amberlite IR 120H as a heterogeneous catalyst. To determine the optimum water washing level, process parameters such as number of washing cycles (1–5), proportion of epoxidized oil to water volume (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5), and water temperature (20, 40, and 60°C) were examined. The main responses were the residual acid value and pH of the washed epoxidized oil. Results revealed that 64% of the acid was removed after 5 washing cycles irrespective of the washing water temperature and proportion. In contrast, approximately 57% of the acid was removed in the first two washing cycles. Increasing the temperature of the water affected acid removal; with approximately 54% of acid removed at 20°C compared to 60% at 60°C. Doubling or tripling the amount of water needed above a 1:0.5 ratio did not significantly affect the amount of acid removed. The model developed was significant with a predicted
- Award ID(s):
- 1839895
- PAR ID:
- 10539325
- Publisher / Repository:
- Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
- Edition / Version:
- 1
- Volume:
- 1
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 0003-021X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 12866
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- acetic acid removal, crude epoxidized soybean oil
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: 1MB Other: 1
- Size(s):
- 1MB
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
more » « less
Abstract -
The formation of precipitates (scales) during reinjection limits the reuse of oil and gas production water (produced water) for additional oil recovery. Selective removal strategies that target Ba and Sr, the primary scale-forming cations, would limit produced water treatment costs, reduce waste generation, and increase produced water reuse. A novel treatment technique for targeted Ba and Sr removal, complexation with polyelectrolyte polymers, is compared with chemical precipitation (sulfate addition and precipitative softening) for the removal of Ba and Sr from Kansas oil field brines. Four polymers were examined for cation removal, both with and without ultrafiltration: poly-vinyl sulfonate (PVS), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid- co -maleic acid) (PSSM). PSSM and PSS were effective for Ba and Sr removal from the lower salinity brine (TDS of 31 000 mg L −1 ), but exhibited limited Sr removal in the absence of Ba in the high salinity brine (TDS of 92 000 mg l −1 ). Similar results were achieved in both brines using sulfate addition. PSSM used in conjunction with ultrafiltration removed >99% of initial Sr and Ba from the lower salinity brine, while removing only 65% and 78% of Mg and Ca, respectively. These results compare favorably to precipitative softening, which removed >90% of all divalent cations from the same brine but was less selective for Ba and Sr. PAA plus ultrafiltration removed 58% of Sr (and 68% of Ca) from the high-salinity brine at pH 9. While increased Sr removal can be achieved by polymer-assisted ultrafiltration, further development of this process, including methods for polymer recovery and regeneration, will be needed to improve its performance compared to precipitative softening.more » « less
-
more » « less
Abstract Iodine is widely used as an antimicrobial reagent for water disinfection in the wilderness and outer space, but residual iodine and iodide need to be removed for health reasons. Currently, it is challenging to remove low concentrations of iodine and iodide in water (≈5 ppm). Furthermore, the remediation of iodine and iodide across a broad temperature range (up to 90 °C) has not previously been investigated. In this work, we report a nitrate dimer‐directed synthesis of a single‐crystalline ionic hydrogen‐bonded crosslinked organic framework (HCOF‐7). HCOF‐7 removes iodine and iodide species in water efficiently through halogen bonding and anion exchange, reducing the total iodine concentration to 0.22 ppm at room temperature. Packed HCOF‐7 columns were employed for iodine/iodide breakthrough experiments between 23 and 90 °C, and large breakthrough volumes were recorded (≥18.3 L g−1). The high iodine/iodide removal benchmarks recorded under practical conditions make HCOF‐7 a promising adsorbent for water treatment.
-
more » « less
Abstract Iodine is widely used as an antimicrobial reagent for water disinfection in the wilderness and outer space, but residual iodine and iodide need to be removed for health reasons. Currently, it is challenging to remove low concentrations of iodine and iodide in water (≈5 ppm). Furthermore, the remediation of iodine and iodide across a broad temperature range (up to 90 °C) has not previously been investigated. In this work, we report a nitrate dimer‐directed synthesis of a single‐crystalline ionic hydrogen‐bonded crosslinked organic framework (HCOF‐7). HCOF‐7 removes iodine and iodide species in water efficiently through halogen bonding and anion exchange, reducing the total iodine concentration to 0.22 ppm at room temperature. Packed HCOF‐7 columns were employed for iodine/iodide breakthrough experiments between 23 and 90 °C, and large breakthrough volumes were recorded (≥18.3 L g−1). The high iodine/iodide removal benchmarks recorded under practical conditions make HCOF‐7 a promising adsorbent for water treatment.
-
Abstract. Eversa Transform was used as an enzymatic catalyst to transform glandless and crude (heavy pigment) cottonseed oils into biodiesel. The oils were reacted with methanol at a 6:1 molar ratio with modified amounts of water, lipase, and temperature. Reactions were conducted in the presence of lipase and water at doses of 2, 5, and 8 wt% and 1, 3, and 6 wt%, respectively. Product composition and conversion were determined using the gas chromatography method of ASTM D6584. Oxidative stability was determined following EN 15751. The conversion to fatty acid methyl esters averaged 98.5% across all samples. Temperature had the most significant effect on conversion (p < 0.0035). Lipase and water dosages did not affect conversion, while each had an effect with temperature that was significant across the difference between 3 and 1 wt% water content and between 8 and 5 wt% enzyme content between the two temperatures (p = 0.0018 and 0.0153), respectively. Induction periods (oxidative stability) of the glandless and crude cottonseed oils were significantly different, but there was no difference between the two oil conversions based on oil type. Keywords: Biodiesel, Cottonseed oil, Fatty acid methyl esters, Lipase, Oxidative stability, Transesterification.more » « less
