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   Li, Yi ; Villada, Andres ; Lu, Shao-Hao ; Sun, He ; Xiao, Jianliang ; Wang, Xueju ( August 2023 , Soft Matter)

   A soft, flexible pressure sensor is developed to measure hydrostatic pressure in the ocean environment, which can be potentially integrated with many platforms including diver equipment and marine animal tags for real-time pressure monitoring.

    

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4. High-pressure minerals

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   Tschauner, Oliver ( December 2019 , American Mineralogist)

   Abstract This article is dedicated to the occurrence, relevance, and structure of minerals whose formation involves high pressure. This includes minerals that occur in the interior of the Earth as well as minerals that are found in shock-metamorphized meteorites and terrestrial impactites. I discuss the chemical and physical reasons that render the definition of high-pressure minerals meaningful, in distinction from minerals that occur under surface-near conditions on Earth or at high temperatures in space or on Earth. Pressure-induced structural transformations in rock-forming minerals define the basic divisions of Earth's mantle in the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle. Moreover, the solubility of minor chemical components in these minerals and the occurrence of accessory phases are influential in mixing and segregating chemical elements in Earth as an evolving planet. Brief descriptions of the currently known high-pressure minerals are presented. Over the past 10 years more high-pressure minerals have been discovered than during the previous 50 years, based on the list of minerals accepted by the IMA. The previously unexpected richness in distinct high-pressure mineral species allows for assessment of differentiation processes in the deep Earth. 

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5. Total-delay-based Max Pressure: A Max Pressure Algorithm Considering Delay Equity

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   Liu, Hao ; Gayah, Vikash V. ( January 2023 , Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board)

   This paper proposes a novel decentralized signal control algorithm that seeks to improve traffic delay equity, measured as the variation of delay experienced by individual vehicles. The proposed method extends the recently developed delay-based max pressure (MP) algorithm by using the sum of cumulative delay experienced by all vehicles that joined a given link as the metric for weight calculation. Doing so ensures the movements with lower traffic loads have a higher chance of being served as their delay increases. Three existing MP models are used as baseline models with which to compare the proposed algorithm in microscopic simulations of both a single intersection and a grid network. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can improve the delay equity for various traffic conditions, especially for highly unbalanced traffic flows. Moreover, this improvement in delay equity does not come with a significant increase to average delay experienced by all vehicles. In fact, the average delay from the proposed algorithm is close to—and sometimes even lower than—the baseline models. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can maintain both objectives at the same time. In addition, the performance of the proposed control strategy was tested in a connected vehicle environment. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other baseline models in both reducing traffic delay and increasing delay equity when the penetration rate is less or equal to 60%, which would not be exceeded in reality in the near future. 

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