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Abstract Novel stimulation protocols for neuromodulation with magnetic fields are explored in clinical and laboratory settings. Recent evidence suggests that the activation state of the nervous system plays a significant role in the outcome of magnetic stimulation, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of state-dependency have not been completely investigated. We recently reported that high frequency magnetic stimulation could inhibit neural activity when the neuron was in a low active state. In this paper, we investigate state-dependent neural modulation by applying a magnetic field to single neurons, using the novel micro-coil technology. High frequency magnetic stimulation suppressed single neuron activity in a state-dependent manner. It inhibited neurons in slow-firing states, but spared neurons from fast-firing states, when the same magnetic stimuli were applied. Using a multi-compartment NEURON model, we found that dynamics of voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels were significantly altered by the magnetic stimulation in the slow-firing neurons, but not in the fast-firing neurons. Variability in neural activity should be monitored and explored to optimize the outcome of magnetic stimulation in basic laboratory research and clinical practice. If selective stimulation can be programmed to match the appropriate neural state, prosthetic implants and brain-machine interfaces can be designed based on these concepts to achieve optimal results.
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This content will become publicly available on July 1, 2026
Memory Modulation Through Brain Stimulation
Advancements in neuroscience, technology, and psychology have led to developments with various brain stimulation techniques for modulating memory. Findings from diverse methodologies are reviewed with a focus on transcranial magnetic or electrical stimulation. These offer numerous non-invasive approaches to target and modulate neurocognitive processes and brain networks that support memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Research has shown enhancements, impairments, and null effects on memory in both healthy individuals and those with memory-related disorders. Methodological considerations are discussed to enhance research rigor and clinical applicability. Elucidating the impact of brain stimulation on memory provides valuable insights into cognition and neurological function, and will help shape future research and clinical practices.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1848440
- PAR ID:
- 10550280
- Editor(s):
- Wixted, John T
- Publisher / Repository:
- Elsevier
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 3rd Edition: John T. Wixted
- Edition / Version:
- 3rd Ed.
- ISSN:
- 9780443157547
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- TMS, tDCS, tACS, working memory, long-term memory, Direct Cortical Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, Optogenetics, Photobiomodulation, Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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