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We describe, interpret, and establish a stratotype for the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone (FMD), a new Cambrian stratigraphic unit that records key global geochemical and climate signals and is well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon and central Basin and Range, USA. This flat-topped carbonate platform deposit is the uppermost unit of the Tonto Group, replacing the informally named “undifferentiated dolomites.” The unit records two global chemostratigraphic events—the Drumian Carbon Isotope Excursion (DICE), when δ13Ccarb (refers to “marine carbonate rocks”) values in the FMD dropped to −2.7‰, and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE), when the values rose to +3.5‰. The formation consists of eight lithofacies deposited in shallow subtidal to peritidal paleoenvironments. At its stratotype at Frenchman Mountain, Nevada, the FMD is 371 m thick. Integration of regional trilobite biostratigraphy and geochronology with new stratigraphy and sedimentology of the FMD, together with new δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy for the entire Cambrian succession at Frenchman Mountain, illustrates that the FMD spans ~7.2 m.y., from Miaolingian (lower Drumian, Bolaspidella Zone) to Furongian (Paibian, Dicanthopyge Zone) time. To the west, the unit correlates with most of the Banded Mountain Member of the ~1100-m-thick Bonanza King Formation. To the east, at Grand Canyon’s Palisades of the Desert, the FMD thins to 8 m due to pre–Middle Devonian erosion that cut progressively deeper cratonward. Portions of the FMD display visually striking, meter-scale couplets of alternating dark- and light-colored peritidal facies, while other portions consist of thick intervals of a single peritidal or shallow subtidal facies. Statistical analysis of the succession of strata in the stratotype section, involving Markov order and runs order analyses, yields no evidence of cyclicity or other forms of order. Autocyclic processes provide the simplest mechanism to have generated the succession of facies observed in the FMD.
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Devonian to Mississippian strata of the Shine Jinst region revisited: Facies development and stratigraphy in southern Mongolia (Gobi Altai Terrane)
Abstract This report provides new stratigraphical and facies data from Devonian and Carboniferous rocks in the Shine Jinst region (Trans Altai Zone, southern Mongolia) with a special focus on the Lower Devonian Chuluun Formation, the Middle Devonian Tsagaankhalga Formation, and the Upper Devonian to Mississippian Heermorit Member of the Indert Formation. Facies development in the Shine Jinst region exhibits a fundamental break in the carbonate platform evolution in the Lower Devonian as reef building organisms were affected by a major regression and deposition of several metres-thick conglomerates at the base of the Tsakhir Formation (Lower Devonian). The overlying Hurenboom Member of the Chuluun Formation is composed of fossiliferous limestones. Reef building organisms, such as colonial corals and stromatoporoids show low diversity and exhibit limited vertical growth and lateral extension of individuals. Thus, they do not represent a real reef as proposed in previous publications but biostromal limestones instead. One reason might be the isolated position of the Shine Jinst region between an unknown continent and a volcanic arc in the early Middle Devonian that hampered the successful colonization in shallow-water areas. Bivalves of the Alatoconchid family were once grouped into reef builders or biostrome builders and they are known only from Permian rocks. The found bivalve biostomes in Mongolia may represent precursors, which would document the oldest record of Alatoconchids found in the world. Remarkable thicknesses of massive crinoidal grainstones (“encrinites”) are documented in many parts of the succession, which suggest rather stable environmental conditions of a carbonate ramp setting at different times. The occurrence of thick-bedded conglomerates in the Shine Jinst section is not restricted to the Lochkovian to Pragian interval (Tsakhir Formation), but also occurs in the Eifelian. A thick-bedded conglomerate, which is interpreted to represent braided fluvial or fan-delta to shallow-marine deposits occurs at the base of the Tsagaankhaalga Formation. A steep relief associated with uplift and volcanism seems to be a realistic scenario for deposition of these sediments. This succession points to a remarkable tectonic uplift or sea-level fall in the Middle Devonian. Conodont findings of the studied section confirm the occurrence of time-equivalent strata of the Choteč Event, the Dasberg Crisis, and the Hangenberg Event found elsewhere in the world, which are described from Mongolia for the first time. Sedimentological descriptions, revised biostratigraphical data, and U-Pb dating by LA ICP-MS of some volcaniclastic rocks from the Chuluun Formation are presented in this report. The studied section records a complex interaction of sedimentation, regional tectonics, sea-level changes and coeval volcanism, which is very similar to other regions in Mongolia. The new data provide the background for further scientific studies in this region. This is a contribution to the Special Series on “The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) during Late Devonian: New insights from southern Mongolia”, published in this journal.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2044222
- PAR ID:
- 10550301
- Publisher / Repository:
- Springer
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
- ISSN:
- 1867-1594
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract This report provides a detailed description of Devonian and Carboniferous formations in the Shinejinst area, southern Mongolia and places them into a regional context. Based on more than 120 thin sections, polished slabs, and field observations a detailed sedimentological/facies study provides information on the depositional development of an island arc system. This study forms a more detailed survey of the same section as our recent overview publication, which contained an updated conodont biostratigraphy of the Shinejinst area. The Shinejinst region is compared with rocks of the coeval Bayankhoshuu Ruins section further in the east. Both sections exhibit differences in the rock record, which can be explained by facies differences due to different settings, but both sections show similarities and interactions, which are mainly driven by regional tectonics and eustatic sea-level changes. Whereas the eastern section (Bayankhoshuu Ruins section) records more deep-water environments, the western section (Shinejinst section) is characterised mainly by shallow-water carbonate ramp successions. In the eastern section subduction started in the Early Devonian and volcanic activity had its most productive phase during the Givetian and lasted in both sections into the Mississippian, when final amalgamation of the arc system with an unknown arc or microcontinent took place. Both sections likely belong to the same island arc terrane, the Mandalovoo Terrane. This area is characterised by very complex geology, and these results will provide a useful framework for any future geologic mapping of the region. This publication is a contribution to the Special Series on “The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) during Late Devonian: New insights from southern Mongolia” published in this journal.more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-024-00608-3
