skip to main content


This content will become publicly available on September 11, 2025

Title: Ductile-to-brittle transition and yielding in soft amorphous materials: perspectives and open questions

The manuscript offers a critical perspective on the shear-induced solid-to-liquid transition in amorphous materials, synthesizing insights from the talks and informal discussions that unfolded during a week of vibrant exchange at the Lorentz Center.

 
more » « less
Award ID(s):
2026842
PAR ID:
10553772
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more » ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publisher / Repository:
RSC
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Soft Matter
Volume:
20
Issue:
35
ISSN:
1744-683X
Page Range / eLocation ID:
6868 to 6888
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Background and Objectives:

    Caregiver burden associated with dementia-related agitation is one of the commonest reasons a community-dwelling person with dementia (PWD) transitions to a care facility. Behavioral and Environmental Sensing and Intervention for Dementia Caregiver Empowerment (BESI) is a system of body-worn and in-home sensors developed to provide continuous, noninvasive agitation assessment and environmental context monitoring to detect early signs of agitation and its environmental triggers.

    Research Design and Methods:

    This mixed methods, remote ethnographic study is explored in a 3-phase, multiyear plan. In Phase 1, we developed and refined the BESI system and completed usability studies. Validation of the system and the development of dyad-specific models of the relationship between agitation and the environment occurred in Phase 2.

    Results:

    Phases 1 and 2 results facilitated targeted changes in BESI, thus improving its overall usability for the final phase of the study, when real-time notifications and interventions will be implemented.

    Conclusion:

    Our results show a valid relationship between the presence of dementia related agitation and environmental factors and that persons with dementia and their caregivers prefer a home-based monitoring system like BESI.

     
    more » « less
  2. Abstract

    This perspective piece discusses a set of attentional phenomena that are not easily accommodated within current theories of attentional selection. We call these phenomena attentional platypuses, as they allude to an observation that within biological taxonomies the platypus does not fit into either mammal or bird categories. Similarly, attentional phenomena that do not fit neatly within current attentional models suggest that current models are in need of a revision. We list a few instances of the “attentional platypuses” and then offer a new approach, that we term dynamically weighted prioritization, stipulating that multiple factors impinge onto the attentional priority map, each with a corresponding weight. The interaction between factors and their corresponding weights determines the current state of the priority map which subsequently constrains/guides attentional allocation. We propose that this new approach should be considered as a supplement to existing models of attention, especially those that emphasize categorical organizations.

    This article is categorized under:

    Psychology > Attention

    Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics

    Neuroscience > Cognition

     
    more » « less
  3. Abstract

    Linear polyphosphonates with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O]n– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2and a diol (HOR′OH = 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐benzenedimethanol, tetraethylene glycol, or 1,12‐dodecanediol) followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Random copolymers have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2and mixture of two of the diols in a 2:1:1 mol ratio followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Block copolymers with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)–[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by the polycondensations of Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2oligomers with HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers followed by reaction with a chalcogen. The Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2oligomers are prepared by the reaction of an excess of P(Ph)(NEt2)2with a diol while the HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers are prepared by the reaction of P(Ph)(NEt2)2with an excess of the diol. In each case the excess, x is the same and determines the average block sizes. All of the polymers were characterized using1H,13C{1H}, and31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and SEC.31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the random and block copolymers have the expected arrangements of monomers and, in the case of block copolymers, verifies the block sizes. All polymers are thermally stable up to ~300°C, and the arrangements of monomers in the copolymers (block vs. random) affect their degradation temperatures andTgprofiles. The polymers have weight average MWs of up to 3.8 × 104 Da.

     
    more » « less
  4. Abstract

    A paradigm in the plant defence literature is that defending against herbivores comes at a cost to growth, resulting in a growth–defence trade‐off. However, while there is strong evidence for growth–defence trade‐offs across species, evidence is mixed within species.

    Several mechanisms can account for this equivocal support within species, but teasing them apart requires examining growth–defence relationships both within and among populations, an approach seldom employed.

    We examined correlations between plant biomass (growth) and terpene production (defence) within and among populations ofMonarda fistulosa, a perennial herb. We sampled populations from Montana and Wisconsin, regions that differ in resource availability characterized by different summer precipitation and associated abiotic conditions that influence plant productivity.

    We found negative, neutral and positive growth–defence correlations, depending on the scale examined. Negative correlations occurred across populations originating from divergent regions, positive correlations occurred across populations originating from within the high‐resource region and neutral correlations were found within single populations.

    Collectively, these results challenge the general expectation of ubiquitous trade‐offs and support emerging views that resource availability (as it affects productivity) shapes the evolution of defence at different scales.

    A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

     
    more » « less
  5. The pandemic necessitated a change to the historical diagnostics model [...]

     
    more » « less