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1. Bacterial Community Structure Modulates Soil Phosphorus Turnover at Early Stages of Primary Succession

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008174  

   Wang, Yuhan; Bing, Haijian; Moorhead, Daryl L; Hou, Enqing; Wu, Yanhong; Wang, Jipeng; Duan, Chengjiao; Cui, Qingliang; Zhang, Zhiqin; Zhu, He; et al (October 2024, Global Biogeochemical Cycles)

   Abstract Microbes are the drivers of soil phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems; however, the role of soil microbes in mediating P cycling in P‐rich soils during primary succession remains uncertain. This study examined the impacts of bacterial community structure (diversity and composition) and its functional potential (absolute abundances of P‐cycling functional genes) on soil P cycling along a 130‐year glacial chronosequence on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Bacterial community structure was a better predictor of soil P fractions than P‐cycling genes along the chronosequence. After glacier retreat, the solubilization of inorganic P and the mineralization of organic P were significantly enhanced by increased bacterial diversity, changed interspecific interactions, and abundant species involved in soil P mineralization, thereby increasing P availability. Although 84% of P‐cycling genes were associated with organic P mineralization, these genes were more closely associated with soil organic carbon than with organic P. Bacterial carbon demand probably determined soil P turnover, indicating the dominant role of organic matter decomposition processes in P‐rich alpine soils. Moreover, the significant decrease in the complexity of the bacterial co‐occurrence network and the taxa‐gene‐P network at the later stage indicates a declining dominance of the bacterial community in driving soil P cycling with succession. Our results reveal that bacteria with a complex community structure have a prominent potential for biogeochemical P cycling in P‐rich soils during the early stages of primary succession. 

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2. Recent Advances in Dual Triplet Ketone/Transition-Metal Catalysis

   https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751444  

   Iziumchenko, Valeriia; Gevorgyan, Vladimir (July 2023, Synlett)

   Abstract Dual light-excited ketone/transition-metal catalysis is a rapidly developing field of photochemistry. It allows for versatile functionalizations of C–H or C–X bonds enabled by triplet ketone acting as a hydrogen-atom-abstracting agent, a single-electron acceptor, or a photosensitizer. This review summarizes recent developments of synthetically useful transformations promoted by the synergy between triplet ketone and transition-metal catalysis. 1 Introduction 2 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Hydrogen Atom Transfer 2.1 Triplet Ketones with Nickel Catalysis 2.2 Triplet Ketones with Copper Catalysis 2.3 Triplet Ketones with Other Transition-Metal Catalysis 3 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Single-Electron Transfer 4 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Energy Transfer 5 Conclusions 

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3. Magellan/M2FS and MMT/Hectochelle Spectroscopy of Dwarf Galaxies and Faint Star Clusters within the Galactic Halo

   https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837922  

   Walker, Matthew G.; Caldwell, Nelson; Mateo, Mario; Olszewksi, Edward W.; Pace, Andrew B.; Bailey III, John I.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Roederer, Ian U. (January 2023, Zenodo)

   m2fs_HiRes_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the Magellan/M2FS spectrograph in HiRes configuration</p> m2fs_MedRes_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the Magellen/M2FS spectrograph in MedRes configuration</p> hecto_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the MMT/Hectochelle spectrograph</p> fits_files.tar.gz: Supplementary data products, including all sky-subtracted spectra from individual targets and best-fitting model spectra.</p> template_spectra.tar.gz: synthetic template spectra (columns are wavelength in air (Angstroms), normalized flux)</p> 

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4. Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with IgA nephropathy based on induction: A UNOS data analysis

   https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.15225  

   Aydin‐Ghormoz, Emmanuel Albert; Perlmutter, Jason; Koizumi, Naoru; Ortiz, Jorge; Faddoul, Geovani (January 2024, Clinical Transplantation)

   Abstract IntroductionIgA nephropathy (IgAN) can cause end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study assesses the impact of induction and maintenance immunosuppression on IgAN recurrence, graft survival, and mortality in living and deceased donor kidney transplants (LDKT and DDKT). MethodsRetrospective analysis of the UNOS database in adults with ESKD secondary to IgAN who received kidney transplants between January 2000 and June 30, 2022. Patients with thymoglobulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, or basiliximab/daclizumab induction with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with or without prednisone maintenance were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors correlated with IgA recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for clinically suspected risk factors. Kaplan Meir Analysis was utilized for overall graft survival. ResultsCompared to ATG with steroid maintenance, alemtuzumab with steroid increased the odds of IgAN recurrence in DDKTs (OR 1.90,p <.010, 95% CI [1.169–3.101]). Alemtuzumab with and without steroid increased the odds of recurrence by 52% (p = .036) and 56% (p = .005), respectively, in LDKTs. ATG without steroids was associated with less risk of IgAN recurrence (HR .665,p = .044, 95% CI [.447–.989]), graft failure (HR .758,p = .002, 95% CI [.633–.907]), and death (HR .619,p <.001, 95% CI [.490–.783]) in DDKTs. Recurrence was strongly associated with risks of graft failure in DDKTs and LDKTs and death in LDKTs. ConclusionIn patients with IgAN requiring a kidney transplant, Alemtuzumab induction correlates with increased IgAN recurrence. Relapse significantly affects graft survival and mortality. ATG without steroids is associated with the least graft loss and mortality. 

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5. Recovering phosphorus as a coproduct from corn dry grind plants: A techno‐economic evaluation

   https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10260  

   Juneja, Ankita; Cusick, Roland; Singh, Vijay (February 2020, Cereal Chemistry)

   Abstract Background and objectivesThe coproduct of ethanol industry, dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS), has phosphorus content in excess of the animal diet requirement, which leads to excess P in manure and causes environmental concerns. The objective of this study is to determine the technical and economic feasibility of recovering this excess P as a coproduct. FindingsThe amount of P was observed to reduce from 9.26 to 3.25 mg/g (db) of DDGS, which is consistent with the animal diet requirement of 3–4 mg P/g animal diet. For an existing dry grind plant of 40 million gallon ethanol capacity, an additional fixed cost of $5.7 million was estimated, with an operating cost increase of $1.29 million/year. ConclusionsThe total phosphorus recovered from the plant was estimated as 1,676 kg P/day, with an estimated operating cost of $2.33/kg P recovered. Significance and noveltyApproximately 37 million MT of DDGS is produced annually as animal food containing excess P, which is a serious concern for the environment. This study provides with an economically feasible solution to recover the excess P as a coproduct, which has a potential to be used as fertilizer on more than 56,000 acres of land annually, growing corn and soybean. 

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