Investigation of Cu–O 2 oxidation reactivity is important in biological and anthropogenic chemistry. Zeolites are one of the most promising Cu/O based oxidation catalysts for development of industrial-scale CH 4 to CH 3 OH conversion. Their oxidation mechanisms are not well understood, however, highlighting the importance of the investigation of molecular Cu( i )–O 2 reactivity with O-donor complexes. Herein, we give an overview of the synthesis, structural properties, and O 2 reactivity of three different series of O-donor fluorinated Cu( i ) alkoxides: K[Cu(OR) 2 ], [(Ph 3 P)Cu(μ-OR) 2 Cu(PPh 3 )], and K[(R 3 P)Cu(pin F )], in which OR = fluorinated monodentate alkoxide ligands and pin F = perfluoropinacolate. This breadth allowed for the exploration of the influence of the denticity of the ligand, coordination number, the presence of phosphine, and K⋯F/O interactions on their O 2 reactivity. K⋯F/O interactions were required to activate O 2 in the monodentate-ligand-only family, whereas these connections did not affect O 2 activation in the bidentate complexes, potentially due to the presence of phosphine. Both families formed trisanionic, trinuclear cores of the form {Cu 3 (μ 3 -O) 2 } 3− . Intramolecular and intermolecular substrate oxidation were also explored and found to be influenced by the fluorinated ligand. Namely, {Cu 3 (μ 3 -O) 2 } 3− from K[Cu(OR) 2 ] could perform both monooxygenase reactivity and oxidase catalysis, whereas those from K[(R 3 P)Cu(pin F )] could only perform oxidase catalysis.
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Synthesis and characterization of a series of CpW(CO)2PR3H, [CpW(CO)2PR3]−, [CpW(CO)2PR3(CH3CN)]+, and [CpW(CO)2PR3]2 complexes
A series of tungsten cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes were prepared and characterized to quantify their thermochemical properties and explore their reactivity. The PR3 ligand was systematically varied across a series of CpW(CO)2PR3H metal hydride complexes, where PR3 = P(OEt)3, P(Bu)3, and P(Cy)3. These complexes are known to undergo multiple proton, electron, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions to access a variety of species including [CpW(CO)2PR3]–, [CpW(CO)2PR3(CH3CN)]+, and [CpW(CO)2PR3]2. Cyclic voltammograms of the CpW(CO)2PR3H•+/0 and [CpW(CO)2PR3]•0/– couples are chemically irreversible, indicating chemical reactivity upon oxidation; the anodic peak potential shifts to lower potentials as the donating ability of phosphine is increased, agreeing with previous literature on similar complexes. Additionally, voltammograms of [CpW(CO)2P(Cy)3]– become chemically reversible at scan rates above 500 mV/s, indicating that the dimerization of the [CpW(CO)2PR3]• product, formed by the oxidation of [CpW(CO)2PR3]–, is slower with the sterically bulky phosphine P(Cy)3, and at high scan rates the species can be reduced before dimerization occurs. Further, as the donating ability of the phosphine increases, the pKa of the CpW(CO)2PR3H complexes increases. This work shows how ligand sterics and electronics can tune the thermochemical properties that underpin proton, electron, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactivity of these complexes.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1954868
- PAR ID:
- 10558012
- Publisher / Repository:
- Science Direct
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Inorganica Chimica Acta
- Volume:
- 571
- Issue:
- C
- ISSN:
- 0020-1693
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 122238
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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