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Haplosclerid sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Heteroscleromorpha), and particularly the family Chalinidae, are notoriously difficult to identify through taxonomic methods alone. Here we use an integrative approach to confirm the identification and report both polymorphic characters and different morphotypes exhibited from a recruitment stage that complicate identification of introduced haplosclerid species Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea and Gelliodes conulosa sp. nov. in Hawaiʻi. Using these same methods, we also describe three new species Haliclona (Gellius) pahua sp. nov., Haliclona (Reniera) kahoe sp. nov., Haliclona (Rhizoniera) loe sp. nov. from our collections in Kāne‘ohe Bay. Using a combination of mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA sequences, we compile a phylogeny that is consistent with previous molecular work but is at odds with the morphological characters used to classify species belonging to Chalinidae and Niphatidae families within Haplosclerida. Although shared morphological traits were distributed across taxa throughout the tree, both mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA sequences were diagnostic, with an average of at least 3 % sequence divergence among species and their closest relative. This study highlights both the use of standardized Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to access the hidden diversity of haplosclerid sponges, and the potential for competition between these introduced and newly described and potentially endemic species.
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Intraoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of a marine invader: revealing an invasion in two ocean basins
Recent collection efforts along the Brazilian coast revealed a Haliclona species preliminarily identified as a likely new species. However, sequencing of the 28S rRNA C-Region, a barcode marker in sponges, showed its high genetic similarity with a Haliclona sp. from Hawaiʻi (GenBank MW016137–MW016139). We applied an integrated morphological and molecular assessment, which allowed us to identify both Brazilian and Hawaiian specimens as H. (Reniera) laubenfelsi, a species with an Indo-Pacific distribution. We postulate this species to be exotic both in the Brazilian coast and in Hawaiʻi. Our evidence is based on the arrival of the species in Brazil after 2001, being first registered next to an international port. In turn, the species is distributed discontinuously in Hawaiʻi, being mainly restricted to sheltered bays and vicinities of ports, showing a predilection for anthropogenic substrates, which strengthen the hypothesis of its exotic origin. Recent collections in Hawaiʻi (2016–2018) failed to find this species in natural habitats, though it was an abundant pioneer species in Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures. Its capacity to colonize artificial substrata may indicate either a cryptobenthic nature or an invasive potential. We highlight the need of monitoring its abundance, spatial distribution, and biotic interactions along the Brazilian coast to assess its potential environmental impacts. The full morphological description, and the molecular sequences we provided certainly will speed up the identification of this species, allowing to track its range extension.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2048457
- PAR ID:
- 10568327
- Publisher / Repository:
- Springer Nature
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Biological Invasions
- Volume:
- 26
- Issue:
- 10
- ISSN:
- 1387-3547
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 3475 to 3493
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03385-4
