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The U.S. Pacific Northwest (PWN) coastal dunes are mainly colonized by two non-native beachgrass species (i.e., Ammophila arenaria and A. breviligulata) and a native dune grass (Leymus mollis) that capture sand and build dunes of different morphology. Recently, a hybrid beachgrass was discovered with unknown consequences for dune evolution. We set up a common garden experiment including seven treatments and two control plots to understand the effect of native and non-native plant species on sand accretion and dune morphological evolution. After 1.6 years, sand volume increased the most in the non-native species plots with levels at least twice as high for A. arenaria as compared to the other plots. The hybrid species had moderate sand accretion but a survival rate of 1.4 and 2.1 times higher than its parent species and native species, respectively. These results provide new insights for U.S. PNW coastal dune management.
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A New Approach to Account for Species‐Specific Sand Capture by Plants in an Aeolian Sediment Transport and Coastal Dune Building Model
Vegetation plays a crucial role in coastal dune building. Species‐specific plant characteristics can modulate sediment transport and dune shape, but this factor is absent in most dune building numerical models. Here, we develop a new approach to implement species‐specific vegetation characteristics into a process‐based aeolian sediment transport model. Using a three‐step approach, we incorporated the morphological differences of three dune grass species dominant in the US Pacific Northwest coast (European beachgrassAmmophila arenaria, American beachgrassA. breviligulata, and American dune grassLeymus mollis) into the model AeoLiS. First, we projected the tiller frontal area of each grass species onto a high resolution grid and then re‐scaled the grid to account for the associated vegetation cover for each species. Next, we calibrated the bed shear stress in the numerical model to replicate the actual sand capture efficiency of each species, as measured in a previously published wind tunnel experiment. Simulations were then performed to model sand bedform development within the grass canopies with the same shoot densities for all species and with more realistic average field densities. The species‐specific model shows a significant improvement over the standard model by (a) accurately simulating the sand capture efficiency from the wind tunnel experiment for the grass species and (b) simulating bedform morphology representative of each species' characteristic bedform morphology using realistic field vegetation density. This novel approach to dune modeling will improve spatial and temporal predictions of dune morphologic development and coastal vulnerability under local vegetation conditions and variations in sand delivery.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2103713
- PAR ID:
- 10579282
- Publisher / Repository:
- AGU
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
- Volume:
- 129
- Issue:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 2169-9003
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007867
