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1. Cavity magnonics

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2022.06.001  

   Zare Rameshti, Babak; Viola Kusminskiy, Silvia; Haigh, James A.; Usami, Koji; Lachance-Quirion, Dany; Nakamura, Yasunobu; Hu, Can-Ming; Tang, Hong X.; Bauer, Gerrit E.W.; Blanter, Yaroslav M. (September 2022, Physics Reports)

   Fulvio Parmigiani (Ed.)

   Cavity magnonics deals with the interaction of magnons — elementary excitations in magnetic materials — and confined electromagnetic fields. We introduce the basic physics and review the experimental and theoretical progress of this young field that is gearing up for integration in future quantum technologies. Much of its appeal is derived from the strong magnon–photon coupling and the easily-reached nonlinear regime in microwave cavities. The interaction of magnons with light as detected by Brillouin light scattering is enhanced in magnetic optical resonators, which can be employed to cool and heat magnons. The microwave cavity photon-mediated coupling of a magnon mode to a superconducting qubit enables measurements in the single magnon limit. 

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2. Electrical manipulation of dissipation in microwave photon–magnon hybrid system through the spin Hall effect

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0182270  

   Hou, Justin_T; Chou, Chung-Tao; Han, Jiahao; Fan, Yabin; Liu, Luqiao (February 2024, Applied Physics Letters)

   Hybrid dynamic systems combine advantages from different subsystems for realizing information processing tasks in both classical and quantum domains. However, the lack of controlling knobs in tuning system parameters becomes a severe challenge in developing scalable, versatile hybrid systems for useful applications. Here, we report an on-chip microwave photon–magnon hybrid system where the dissipation rates and the coupling cooperativity can be electrically influenced by the spin Hall effect. Through magnon–photon coupling, the linewidths of the resonator photon mode and the hybridized magnon polariton modes are effectively changed by the spin injection into the magnetic wires from an applied direct current, which exhibit different trends in samples with low and high coupling strengths. Moreover, the linewidth modification by the spin Hall effect shows strong dependence on the detuning of the two subsystems, in contrast to the classical behavior of a standalone magnonic device. Our results point to a direction of realizing tunable, on-chip, scalable magnon-based hybrid dynamic systems, where spintronic effects provide useful control mechanisms. 

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3. Wavelength-scale optical parametric oscillators

   https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.411708  

   Jahani, Saman; Roy, Arkadev; Marandi, Alireza (February 2021, Optica)

   Despite recent progress in nonlinear optics in wavelength-scale resonators, there are still open questions on the possibility of parametric oscillation in such resonators. We present a general approach to predict the behavior and estimate the oscillation threshold of multi-mode subwavelength and wavelength-scale optical parametric oscillators (OPOs). As an example, we propose an OPO based on Mie-type multipolar resonances, and we demonstrate that due to the low- $Q$nature of multipolar modes in wavelength-scale resonators, there is a nonlinear interaction between these modes. As a result, the OPO threshold, compared to the single-mode case, can be reduced by a factor that is significantly larger than the number of interacting modes. The multi-mode interaction can also lead to a phase transition manifested through a sudden change in the parametric gain as well as the oscillation threshold, which can be utilized for enhanced sensing. We establish an explicit connection between the second-harmonic generation efficiency and the OPO threshold. This allows us to estimate the OPO threshold based on measured or simulated second-harmonic generation in different classes of resonators, such as bound states in the continuum and inversely designed resonators. Our approach for analyzing and modeling miniaturized OPOs can open unprecedented opportunities for classical and quantum nonlinear photonics. 

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4. Formation of binary magnon polaron in a two-dimensional artificial magneto-elastic crystal

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-023-00499-4  

   Majumder, Sudip; Drobitch, J. L.; Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo; Barman, Anjan (September 2023, NPG Asia Materials)

   Abstract We observed strong tripartite magnon-phonon-magnon coupling in a two-dimensional periodic array of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate, forming a 2D magnetoelastic “crystal”; the coupling occurred between two Kittel-type spin wave (magnon) modes and a (non-Kittel) magnetoelastic spin wave mode caused by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) (phonons). The strongest coupling occurred when the frequencies and wavevectors of the three modes matched, leading to perfect phase matching. We achieved this condition by carefully engineering the frequency of the SAW, the nanomagnet dimensions and the bias magnetic field that determined the frequencies of the two Kittel-type modes. The strong coupling (cooperativity factor exceeding unity) led to the formation of a new quasi-particle, called a binary magnon-polaron, accompanied by nearly complete (~100%) transfer of energy from the magnetoelastic mode to the two Kittel-type modes. This coupling phenomenon exhibited significant anisotropy since the array did not have rotational symmetry in space. The experimental observations were in good agreement with the theoretical simulations. 

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5. Exceptional point based lattice gyroscopes

   https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.483155  

   Izadparast, Masoumeh; Naik, Gururaj_V; Everitt, Henry_O; Ramezani, Hamidreza (May 2023, Optical Materials Express)

   Ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) based on non-Hermitian exceptional points (EPs) have garnered much recent interest due to their exceptional sensitivity. Such gyroscopes typically consist of two-ring laser resonators, one with loss and one with an equal amount of optical gain. The coupling strength between these ring resonators is a key parameter determining the sensitivity of EP-based RLGs. Here we explore how the exceptional sensitivity demonstrated in this coupled dimer may be further enhanced by adding more dimers in an array. Specifically, we propose two types of ring laser gyroscope lattice arrays, each composed ofNcoupled dimers arrayed serially or concentrically with periodic boundary conditions, that guide counter-propagating photons in a rotating frame. Using coupled mode theory, we show that these lattice gyroscopes exhibit an enhanced effective coupling rate between the gain and loss resonators at the EP, thereby producing greater sensitivity to the angular rotation rate than their constituent dimers. This work paves the way toward EP-based RLGs with the necessary sensitivity for GPS-free navigation. 

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