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This paper presents LiTEfoot, an ultra-low power, wide-area localization system leveraging ambient cellular signals to address the limitations of traditional self-localization systems in terms of power consumption and latency. LiTEfoot uses a non-linear transformation of the cellular synchronization signal to efficiently achieve self-localization by systematically superimposing signals at the baseband. A simple envelope detector is used to realize this non-linear transformation, enabling the identification of multiple active base stations across any cellular band. The system is designed to operate with low power, consuming only 40 ๐Joules of energy per localization update, achieving a median localization error of 22 meters in urban areas.
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This content will become publicly available on November 4, 2025
LiTEfoot: Ultra-low-power Localization using Ambient Cellular Signals
In this paper, we introduce a low-power wide-area cellular localization system, called LiTEfoot. The core architecture of the radio carefully applies non-linear transform of the entire cellular spectrum to obtain a systematic superimposition of the synchronization signals at the baseband. The system develops methods to simultaneously identify all the base stations that are active at any cellular band from the transformed signal. The radio front end uses a simple envelop detector to realize the non-linear transformation. We build on this low-power radio to implement a self-localization system leveraging ambient 4G-LTE signals. We show that the core system can also be extended to other cellular technologies like 5G-NR and NB-IoT. The prototype achieves a median localization error of 22 meters in urban areas and 50 meters in rural areas. It can sense a 3GHz wideband LTE spectrum in 10ms using non-linear intermodulation while consuming 0.9 mJ of energy for a PCB-based implementation and 40 ๐J for CMOS simulation. In other words, LiTEfoot tags can last for 11 years on a coin cell while continuously estimating location every 5 seconds. We believe that LiTEfoot will have widespread implications in city-scale asset tracking and other location-based services. The radio architecture can be useful beyond low-power self-localization and can find application in synchronization and communication on battery-less platforms.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2238433
- PAR ID:
- 10589162
- Publisher / Repository:
- ACM
- Date Published:
- ISBN:
- 9798400706974
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 535 to 548
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Location:
- Hangzhou China
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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