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1. Search for production of a single vectorlike quark decaying to $tH$ or $tZ$ in the all-hadronic final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.072012  

   Hayrapetyan, A; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, J W; Bergauer, T; Chatterjee, S; Damanakis, K; Dragicevic, M; Hussain, P S; Jeitler, M; et al (October 2024, Physical Review D)

   A search for electroweak production of a single vectorlike $T$quark in association with a bottom ( $b$) quark in the all-hadronic decay channel is presented. This search uses proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC during 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The $T$quark is assumed to have charge $2/3$and decay to a top ( $t$) quark and a Higgs ( $H$) or $Z$boson. Hadronic decays of the $t$quark and the $H$or $Z$boson are reconstructed from the kinematic properties of jets, including those containing $b$hadrons. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed in the reconstructed $tH$and $tZ$invariant mass distributions. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction of a $T$quark produced in association with a $b$quark and decaying via $tH$or $tZ$range from 1260 to 68 fb for $T$quark masses of 600–1200 GeV. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN 

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2. Search for pair production of scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to muons and bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.112003  

   Hayrapetyan, A; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, J W; Bergauer, T; Chatterjee, S; Damanakis, K; Dragicevic, M; Hussain, P S; Jeitler, M; et al (June 2024, Physical Review D)

   A search for pair production of scalar and vector leptoquarks (LQs) each decaying to a muon and a bottom quark is performed using proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. No excess above standard model expectation is observed. Scalar (vector) LQs with masses less than 1810 (2120) GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming a 100% branching fraction of the LQ decaying to a muon and a bottom quark. These limits represent the most stringent to date. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN 

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3. Up and down quark structure of the proton

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L091101  

   Abazov, V M; Abbott, B; Acharya, B S; Adams, M; Adams, T; Agnew, J P; Alexeev, G D; Alkhazov, G; Alton, A; Askew, A; et al (November 2024, Physical Review D)

   We report an improved measurement of the valence $u$and $d$quark distributions from the forward-backward asymmetry in the Drell-Yan process using $8.6{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$of data collected with the D0 detector in $p\overline{p}$collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$. This analysis provides the values of new structure parameters that are directly related to the valence up and down quark distributions in the proton. In other experimental results measuring the quark content of the proton, $d$quark contributions are mixed with those from other quark flavors. In this measurement, the $u$and $d$quark contributions are separately extracted by applying a factorization of the QCD and electroweak portions of the forward-backward asymmetry. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

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4. Search for Baryon Number Violation in Top Quark Production and Decay Using Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.241802  

   Hayrapetyan, A; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, J W; Bergauer, T; Chatterjee, S; Damanakis, K; Dragicevic, M; Hussain, P S; Jeitler, M; et al (June 2024, Physical Review Letters)

   A search is presented for baryon number violating interactions in top quark production and decay. The analysis uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. Candidate events are selected by requiring two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and exactly one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark. Multivariate discriminants are used to separate the signal from the background. No significant deviation from the standard model prediction is observed. Upper limits are placed on the strength of baryon number violating couplings. For the first time the production of single top quarks via baryon number violating interactions is studied. This allows the search to set the most stringent constraints to date on the branching fraction of the top quark decay to a lepton, an up-type quark ( $u$or $c$), and a down-type quark ( $d$, $s$, or $b$). The results improve the previous bounds by 3 to 6 orders of magnitude based on the fermion flavor combination of the baryon number violating interactions. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN 

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5. Measurement of Energy Correlators inside Jets and Determination of the Strong Coupling ${\alpha }_S\left(m_Z\right)$

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.071903  

   Hayrapetyan, A; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, J W; Bergauer, T; Chatterjee, S; Damanakis, K; Dragicevic, M; Hussain, P S; Jeitler, M; et al (August 2024, Physical Review Letters)

   Energy correlators that describe energy-weighted distances between two or three particles in a hadronic jet are measured using an event sample of $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $36.3{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The measured distributions are consistent with the trends in the simulation that reveal two key features of the strong interaction: confinement and asymptotic freedom. By comparing the ratio of the measured three- and two-particle energy correlator distributions with theoretical calculations that resum collinear emissions at approximate next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy matched to a next-to-leading-order calculation, the strong coupling is determined at the $Z$boson mass: ${\alpha }_S\left(m_Z\right)=0.1229_{-0.0050}^{+0.0040}$, the most precise ${\alpha }_S\left(m_Z\right)$value obtained using jet substructure observables. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN 

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