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Humans behave more prosocially toward ingroup (vs. outgroup) members. This preregistered research examined the influence of God concepts and memories of past behavior on prosociality toward outgroups. In Study 1 (n = 573), participants recalled their past kind or mean behavior (between-subjects) directed toward an outgroup. Subsequently, they completed a questionnaire assessing their views of God. Our dependent measure was the number of lottery entries given to another outgroup member. Participants who recalled their kind (vs. mean) behavior perceived God as more benevolent, which in turn predicted more generous allocation to the outgroup (vs. ingroup). Study 2 (n = 281) examined the causal relation by manipulating God concepts (benevolent vs. punitive). We found that not only recalling kind behaviors but perceiving God as benevolent increased outgroup generosity. The current research extends work on morality, religion, and intergroup relations by showing that benevolent God concepts and memories of past kind behaviors jointly increase outgroup generosity.
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A SMART Mnemonic Sounds like “Glue Tonic”: Mixing LLMs with Student Feedback to Make Mnemonic Learning Stick
Learning vocabulary (e.g., benevolent) can be tedious, but using mnemonics (e.g., benevolent sounds like "benefits," and a kind boss gives benefits) makes it more engaging and effective. This paper introduces SMART, a large language model trained to produce mnemonics based on feedback from flashcard learners. Students struggle to predict which mnemonics will help them most. Still, by training SMART on both student preferences and learning outcomes, we can generate mnemonics as effectively as GPT-4, but at a much lower cost.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2403436
- PAR ID:
- 10611055
- Publisher / Repository:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Date Published:
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 14202 to 14225
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Location:
- Miami, Florida, USA
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.786
