The noise performance of a high sensitivity, wide-field astronomical phased array feed receiver can be characterized by measurements using the antenna Y factor method. These measurements are used to determine figures of merit for an active array receiver. Antenna elements for the Advanced L Band Phased Array Camera for Astronomy (ALPACA) were measured using the antenna Y factor method to determine the active array and receiver noise figure, the antenna loss, receiver equivalent noise temperature, and radiation efficiency of the system over its 500[Formula: see text]MHz operating bandwidth. The completed ALPACA instrument will feature a fully cryogenic design with both the low-noise amplifiers and array elements cryogenically cooled. The uncooled performance measurements from the antenna Y factor method are used to extrapolate the elements cryogenic radiation efficiency and antenna loss showing that it is expected that the elements will contribute less than 1 K to the overall system noise temperature. These results validate the antenna Y factor method to measure key antenna parameters such as the antenna radiation efficiency and show that the instruments front-end array and electronics meets expected performance targets. 
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                            Fast photodiode arrays for high frequency fluctuation measurements of reconnecting flux ropes
                        
                    
    
            An array of compact, high-bandwidth (>200 MHz) and low-cost optical photodiodes has been developed and implemented on the PHASe MApping (PHASMA) experiment. Using purpose-built electronics, an array of 16 photodetectors was constructed and used to monitor broadband (1–5 MHz) fluctuations in light intensity emitted by flux ropes undergoing electron-only magnetic reconnection. These measurements reveal a swath of oscillatory behavior, including wave propagation inward toward the diffusion region at approximately the local electron Alfvén speed. Custom 3D-printed collection optics and mounting hardware allow quick reconfiguration of the array for radial or axial measurements. The electronics design is flexible enough to be used with other current-sourcing transducers, such as avalanche photodiodes; silicon photomultipliers; and infrared, x-ray, and UV photodiodes. A noise-rejecting electrical layout allows for low-noise operation close to pulsed plasma discharges. A 16-channel, 64-pixel tomographic array was constructed and initial reconstructions are presented. 
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                            - Award ID(s):
- 1902111
- PAR ID:
- 10612291
- Publisher / Repository:
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Volume:
- 95
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 0034-6748
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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