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Abstract Silk nanofibers (SNFs) from abundant sources are low‐cost and environmentally friendly. Combined with other functional materials, SNFs can help create bioelectronics with excellent biocompatibility without environmental concerns. However, it is still challenging to construct an SNF‐based composite with high conductivity, flexibility, and mechanical strength for all SNF‐based electronics. Herein, this work reports the design and fabrication of Ti3C2Tx‐silver@silk nanofibers (Ti3C2Tx‐Ag@SNF) composites with multi‐dimensional heterogeneous conductive networks using combined in situ growth and vacuum filtration methods. The ultrahigh electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx‐Ag@SNF composites (142959 S m−1) provides the kirigami‐patterned soft heaters with a rapid heating rate of 87 °C s−1. The multi‐dimensional heterogeneous network further allows the creation of electromagnetic interference shielding devices with an exceptionally high specific shielding effectiveness of 10,088 dB cm−1. Besides working as a triboelectric layer to harvest the mechanical energy and recognize the hand gesture, the Ti3C2Tx‐Ag@SNF composites can also be combined with an ionic layer to result in a capacitive pressure sensor with a high sensitivity of 410 kPa−1in a large range due to electronic‐double layer effect. The applications of the Ti3C2Tx‐Ag@SNF composites in recognizing human gestures and human‐machine interfaces to wirelessly control a trolley demonstrate the future development of all SNF‐based electronics.
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This content will become publicly available on April 1, 2026
Facile Design of Highly Stretchable and Conductive Crumpled Graphene/NiS 2 Films for Multifunctional Applications
Abstract The cost‐effective and scalable synthesis and patterning of soft nanomaterial composites with improved electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability remains challenging in wearable devices. This work reports a scalable, low‐cost fabrication approach to directly create and pattern crumpled porous graphene/NiS2nanocomposites with high mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity through laser irradiation combined with electrodeposition and a pre‐strain strategy. With modulated mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, the crumpled graphene/NiS2nanocomposite can be readily patterned into target geometries for application in a standalone stretchable sensing platform. By leveraging the electrical energy harvested from the kinetic motion from wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and stored in micro‐supercapacitor arrays (MSCAs) to drive biophysical sensors, the system is demonstrated to monitor human motions, body temperature, and toxic gas in the exposed environment. The material selections, design strategies, and fabrication approaches from this study provide functional nanomaterial composites with tunable properties for future high‐performance bio‐integrated electronics.
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- PAR ID:
- 10617170
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Small Methods
- Volume:
- 9
- Issue:
- 4
- ISSN:
- 2366-9608
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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