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The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) contains 1,182 well-characterized photographs depicting natural scenes varying in affective content. These pictures are used extensively in affective neuroscience to investigate the neural correlates of emotional processing. Recently, in an effort to augment this dataset, we have begun to generate synthetic emotional images by combining IAPS pictures and diffusion-based AI models. The goal of this study is to compare the neural responses to IAPS pictures and matching AI-generated images. The stimulus set consisted of 60 IAPS pictures (20 pleasant, 20 neutral, 20 unpleasant) and 60 matching AI-generated images (20 pleasant, 20 neutral, 20 unpleasant). In a recording session, a total of 30 IAPS pictures and 30 matching AI-generated images were presented in random order, where each image was displayed for 3 seconds with neighboring images being separated by an interval of 2.8 to 3.5 seconds. Each experiment consisted of 10 recording sessions. The fMRI data was recorded on a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner. Pupil responses to image presentation were monitored using an MRI-compatible eyetracker. Our preliminary analysis of the fMRI data (N=3) showed that IAPS pictures and matching AI-generated images evoked similar neural responses in the visual cortex. In particular, MVPA (Multivariate Pattern Analysis) classifiers built to decode emotional categories from neural responses to IAPS pictures can be used to decode emotional categories from neural responses to AI-generated images and vice versa. Efforts to confirm these findings are underway by recruiting additional participants. Analysis is also being expanded to include the comparison of such measures as functional connectivity and pupillometry.
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This content will become publicly available on April 24, 2026
Rhythmic Sampling and Competition of Target and Distractor in a Motion Detection Task
Abstract It has been suggested that the visual system samples attended information rhythmically. Does rhythmic sampling also apply to distracting information? How do attended information and distracting information compete temporally for neural representations? We recorded electroencephalography from participants who detected instances of coherent motion in a random dot kinematogram (RDK; the target stimulus), overlayed on different categories (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) of affective images from the International Affective System (IAPS) (the distractor). The moving dots were flickered at 4.29 Hz whereas the IAPS pictures were flickered at 6 Hz. The time course of spectral power at 4.29 Hz (dot response) was taken to index the temporal dynamics of target processing. The spatial pattern of the power at 6 Hz was similarly extracted and subjected to a MVPA decoding analysis to index the temporal dynamics of processing pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant distractor pictures. We found that (1) both target processing and distractor processing exhibited rhythmicity at ∼1 Hz and (2) the phase difference between the two rhythmic time courses were related to task performance, i.e., relative phase closer to π predicted a higher rate of coherent motion detection whereas relative phase closer to 0 predicted a lower rate of coherent motion detection. These results suggest that (1) in a target-distractor scenario, both attended and distracting information were sampled rhythmically and (2) the more target sampling and distractor sampling were separated in time within a sampling cycle, the less distraction effects were observed, both at the neural and the behavioral level.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2318886
- PAR ID:
- 10620703
- Publisher / Repository:
- eLife Sciences Publications Ltd.
- Date Published:
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- EEG attention
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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