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   https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00261  

   Saavedra, Felipe; Cortés, Gonzalo; Viale, Maximiliano; Margulis, Steven; McPhee, James (July 2020, Frontiers in Earth Science)

   null (Ed.)
3. Have Fun Storming the Castle(s)!

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WACV48630.2021.00375  

   Anderson, Connor; Teuscher, Adam; Anderson, Elizabeth; Larsen, Alysia; Shirley, Josh; Farrell, Ryan (January 2021, IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV))

   In recent years, large-scale datasets, each typically tailored to a particular problem, have become a critical factor towards fueling rapid progress in the field of computer vision. This paper describes a valuable new dataset that should accelerate research efforts on problems such as fine-grained classification, instance recognition and retrieval, and geolocalization. The dataset, comprised of more than 2400 individual castles, palaces and fortresses from more than 90 countries, contains more than 770K images in total. This paper details the dataset's construction process, the characteristics including annotations such as location (geotagged latlong and country label), construction date, Google Maps link and estimated per-class and per-image difficulty. An experimental section provides baseline experiments for important vision tasks including classification, instance retrieval and geolocalization (estimating global location from an image's visual appearance). The dataset is publicly available at vision.cs.byu.edu/castles. 

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5. Sequence analysis of the Petunia inflata S‐locus region containing 17 S‐Locus F‐Box genes and the S‐RNase gene involved in self‐incompatibility

   https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15005  

   Wu, Lihua; Williams, Justin S.; Sun, Linhan; Kao, Teh‐Hui (October 2020, The Plant Journal)

   null (Ed.)

   Self‐incompatibility in Petunia is controlled by the polymorphic S‐locus, which contains S‐RNase encoding the pistil determinant and 16–20 S‐locus F‐box (SLF) genes collectively encoding the pollen determinant. Here we sequenced and assembled approximately 3.1 Mb of the S2‐haplotype of the S‐locus in Petunia inflata using bacterial artificial chromosome clones collectively containing all 17 SLF genes, SLFLike1, and S‐RNase. Two SLF pseudogenes and 28 potential protein‐coding genes were identified, 20 of which were also found at the S‐loci of both the S6a‐haplotype of P. inflata and the SN‐haplotype of self‐compatible Petunia axillaris, but not in the S‐locus remnants of self‐compatible potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Comparative analyses of S‐locus sequences of these three S‐haplotypes revealed potential genetic exchange in the flanking regions of SLF genes, resulting in highly similar flanking regions between different types of SLF and between alleles of the same type of SLF of different S‐haplotypes. The high degree of sequence similarity in the flanking regions could often be explained by the presence of similar long terminal repeat retroelements, which were enriched at the S‐loci of all three S‐haplotypes and in the flanking regions of all S‐locus genes examined. We also found evidence of the association of transposable elements with SLF pseudogenes. Based on the hypothesis that SLF genes were derived by retrotransposition, we identified 10 F‐box genes as putative SLF parent genes. Our results shed light on the importance of non‐coding sequences in the evolution of the S‐locus, and on possible evolutionary mechanisms of generation, proliferation, and deletion of SLF genes. 

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