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1. Dual-Port Butterfly Slot Antenna for Biosensing Applications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164980  

   Milijic, Marija; Jokanovic, Branka; Tasic, Miodrag; Jovanovic, Sinisa; Boric-Lubecke, Olga; Lubecke, Victor (August 2025, Sensors)

   This paper presents the novel design of a printed, low-cost, dual-port, and dual-polarized slot antenna for microwave biomedical radars. The butterfly shape of the radiating element, with orthogonally positioned arms, enables simultaneous radiation of both vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The antenna is intended for full-duplex in-band applications using two mutually isolated antenna ports, with the CPW port on the same side of the substrate as the slot antenna and the microstrip port positioned orthogonally on the other side of the substrate. Those two ports can be used as transmit and receive ports in a radar transceiver, with a port isolation of 25 dB. Thanks to the bow-tie shape of the slots and an additional coupling region between the butterfly arms, there is more flexibility in simultaneous optimization of the resonant frequency and input impedance at both ports, avoiding the need for a complicated matching network that introduces the attenuation and increases antenna dimensions. The advantage of this design is demonstrated through the modeling of an eight-element dual-port linear array with an extremely simple feed network for high-gain biosensing applications. To validate the simulation results, prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and tested. The measured operating band of the antennas spans from 2.35 GHz to 2.55 GHz, with reflection coefficients of less than—10 dB, a maximum gain of 8.5 dBi, and a front-to-back gain ratio that is greater than 15 dB, which is comparable with other published single dual-port slot antennas. This is the simplest proposed dual-port, dual-polarization antenna that enables straightforward scaling to other frequency bands. 

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2. Dual-Band Antenna Array for 5.9 GHz DSRC and 28 GHz 5G Vehicle to Vehicle communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330220  

   Govindarajulu, Sandhiya Reddy; Hokayem, Rimon; Alwan, Elias A. (July 2020, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting)

   null (Ed.)

   The Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band (5.85-5.925 GHz) allocated for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication provides limited opportunities for high speed data transfer. Alternatively, FCC plans to allocate millimeter-wave spectrum for 5G V2V communication. In this paper, we present a novel dual-band dual linearly-polarized antenna array for both DSRC and 28 GHz communications. For each band, we optimized antenna gain and number of elements to maximize range and data rate. The designed array has dual linear polarization and is fed with a simple quarter wave transformer. Due to large available connector’s size, a Wilkinson power divider is designed to combine adjacent elements. Infinite array simulation show that the array is well matched (S11 < -10 dB) from 5.85 to 6.48 GHz, and from 17.29 to 29 GHz. The realized gain at both frequency bands is neartheoretical. 

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3. A planar cloverleaf antenna for circularly polarized microwave fields in atomic and molecular physics experiments

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0167572  

   Yuan, Weijun; Zhang, Siwei; Bigagli, Niccolò; Warner, Claire; Stevenson, Ian; Will, Sebastian (December 2023, Review of Scientific Instruments)

   We report on the design and characterization of a compact microwave antenna for atomic and molecular physics experiments. The antenna is comprised of four loop antennas arranged in a cloverleaf shape, allowing for precise adjustment of polarization by tuning the relative phase of the loops. We optimize the antenna for left-circularly polarized microwaves at 3.5 GHz and characterize its near-field performance using ultracold NaCs molecules as a precise quantum sensor. Observing an unusually high Rabi frequency of 2π × 46.1(2) MHz, we extract an electric field amplitude of 33(2) V/cm at 22 mm distance from the antenna. The polarization ellipticity is 2.3(4)°, corresponding to a 24 dB suppression of right-circular polarization. The cloverleaf antenna is planar and provides large optical access, making it highly suitable for quantum control of atoms and molecules and potentially other quantum systems that operate in the microwave regime. 

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4. A shared-aperture pentaband antenna with high impedance surface for CubeSat application

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66632-7  

   Uddin, Md Nazim; Alwan, Elias A (December 2024, Scientific Reports)

   A circular polarized (CP) pentaband antenna based on the aperture-in-aperture (AIA) concept is presented for CubeSat applications. This AIA consists of five different bands ranging from L-band to Ka-band. Four different antennas, each operating at a specific frequency band, namely 12 GHz, 18.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 32 GHz, were incorporated into an L-band (viz. 1.5 GHz) antenna. Notably, the five antennas can operate simultaneously for a CubeSat downlink operation with a frequency ratio of 21.3:1. The antenna structure shows a realized gain of 5–10 dBi with good CP bandwidth (< 3 dB) across the overall operational frequency range. That is, the realized gain of L-band (1.5 GHz), X-band (12.5 GHz), K-band1 (18.5 GHz), K-band2 (26 GHz), and Ka-bands (32 GHz) are 5.05 dBi, 8.21 dBi, 7.33 dBi, 7.97 dBi, and 8.56 dBi. A high impedance surface (HIS) is incorporated with the Ka-band antenna to mitigate the ripples in the radiation pattern created by the interference of surface waves. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The measurement data agrees well with the simulation. 

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5. Broadband Dual-Polarized Planar Antennas for Radar With Printed Circuit Balun

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAMET53537.2021.9650456  

   Mai, Hoang Trong; Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando (November 2021, 2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET))

   This paper demonstrates the design and implementation of two dual-polarized ultra-wideband antennas for radar ice sounding. The first antenna operates at UHF (600– 900 MHz). The second antenna operates at VHF (140–215 MHz). Each antenna element is composed of two orthogonal octagon-shaped dipoles, two inter-locked printed circuit baluns and an impedance matching network for each polarization. We built and tested one prototype antenna for each band and showed a VSWR of less than 2:1 at both polarizations over a fractional bandwidth exceeding 40 %. Our antennas display cross-polarization isolation larger than 30 dB, an E-plane 3-dB beamwidth of 69 degrees, and a gain of at least 4 dBi with a variation of ± 1 dB across the bandwidth. We demonstrate peak power handling capabilities of 400-W and 1000-W for the UHF and VHF bands, respectively. Our design flow allows for straightforward adjustment of the antenna dimensions to meet other bandwidth constraints. 

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