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Impact of Metal Center on Photophysics and In Vitro Photodynamic Therapeutic Activities of Ru(II)/Os(II)/Ir(III) Bis-terpyridine Complexes Bearing Oligothienyl Substituents
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null (Ed.)We present the first [C II] 158 μ m luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 5 from a sample of serendipitous lines detected in the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE). A study of the 118 ALPINE pointings revealed several serendipitous lines. Based on their fidelity, we selected 14 lines for the final catalog. According to the redshift of their counterparts, we identified eight out of 14 detections as [C II] lines at z ∼ 5, along with two as CO transitions at lower redshifts. The remaining four lines have an elusive identification in the available catalogs and we considered them as [C II] candidates. We used the eight confirmed [C II] and the four [C II] candidates to build one of the first [C II] LFs at z ∼ 5. We found that 11 out of these 12 sources have a redshift very similar to that of the ALPINE target in the same pointing, suggesting the presence of overdensities around the targets. Therefore, we split the sample in two (a “clustered” and “field” subsample) according to their redshift separation and built two separate LFs. Our estimates suggest that there could be an evolution of the [C II] LF between z ∼ 5 and z ∼ 0. By converting the [C II] luminosity to the star-formation rate, we evaluated the cosmic star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z ∼ 5. The clustered sample results in a SFRD ∼10 times higher than previous measurements from UV–selected galaxies. On the other hand, from the field sample (likely representing the average galaxy population), we derived a SFRD ∼1.6 higher compared to current estimates from UV surveys but compatible within the errors. Because of the large uncertainties, observations of larger samples will be necessary to better constrain the SFRD at z ∼ 5. This study represents one of the first efforts aimed at characterizing the demography of [C II] emitters at z ∼ 5 using a mm selection of galaxies.more » « less
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null (Ed.)Abstract We continue the study of n -dependent groups, fields and related structures, largely motivated by the conjecture that every n -dependent field is dependent. We provide evidence toward this conjecture by showing that every infinite n -dependent valued field of positive characteristic is henselian, obtaining a variant of Shelah’s Henselianity Conjecture in this case and generalizing a recent result of Johnson for dependent fields. Additionally, we prove a result on intersections of type-definable connected components over generic sets of parameters in n -dependent groups, generalizing Shelah’s absoluteness of $$G^{00}$$ in dependent theories and relative absoluteness of $$G^{00}$$ in $$2$$ -dependent theories. In an effort to clarify the scope of this conjecture, we provide new examples of strictly $$2$$ -dependent fields with additional structure, showing that Granger’s examples of non-degenerate bilinear forms over dependent fields are $$2$$ -dependent. Along the way, we obtain some purely model-theoretic results of independent interest: we show that n -dependence is witnessed by formulas with all but one variable singletons; provide a type-counting criterion for $$2$$ -dependence and use it to deduce $$2$$ -dependence for compositions of dependent relations with arbitrary binary functions (the Composition Lemma); and show that an expansion of a geometric theory T by a generic predicate is dependent if and only if it is n -dependent for some n , if and only if the algebraic closure in T is disintegrated. An appendix by Martin Bays provides an explicit isomorphism in the Kaplan-Scanlon-Wagner theorem.more » « less
