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Grand Challenges (GCs) are complex, global, and multifaceted science and societal problems such as climate change, viral pandemics, loss of biodiversity, and quests for new energy sources. In this article, we advance a position, based on current research and theory, that GCs should be a prominent feature of the science curriculum. This move towards a GC-based curriculum challenges the positioning of canonical scientific concepts as the central organising feature of the curriculum, which is typically the default position of most science education programmes. A GC-based curriculum can create natural avenues for students to learn science, develop an interest in science, and build media and information literacy skills to become informed agents of change. Design principles, which help to define what a GC curriculum can look like and guide creation of GC materials, are introduced. These design principles call for the GC curriculum to be contextualised in global issues with local connections, culturally responsive, practice oriented, attentive to student voice, and coherent within and across units. Examples are provided to demonstrate how these design principles are implemented in a sample curriculum. 

Water scarcity poses a significant global challenge, which is often overlooked, particularly in regions with abundant water resources. This article outlines a curriculum designed for middle school students (grades 6–8) that addresses the dynamics of water scarcity and sustainability through five detailed lessons centered around the water cycle. The curriculum is designed to meet the Next Generation Science Standards, specifically focusing on standards ESS2.C and ESS3.C. These standards highlight the importance of water in Earth’s surface processes and the impact of human activities on the environment. The lessons also emphasize scientific modeling and using data as evidence as crucial to understanding water security and action. By emphasizing student voice and incorporating diverse perspectives, the curriculum aims to educate students and empower them to actively address real-world environmental challenges. 

In response to the growing emphasis on addressing global socio-scientific issues like climate change and viral pandemics in K-12 education, we designed three socio-scientific units for middle school science. We call this curriculum Grand Challenges (GC). The GC curriculum shifts from traditional methods to a focus on socio-scientific issues that resonate locally and globally and prepare students for future complexities. GC is a response to the evolving landscape of science education which emphasizes transformative, future-focused approaches that engage students with science content through contextualized, disciplinary practices. This study explores the implementation of the GC curriculum by two teachers, highlighting their choices and the impact on instruction. The findings reveal the crucial role of teachers in actualizing innovative curricula, the challenges of adopting new practices, and the need for robust support systems. This work contributes to understanding how to effectively integrate socio-scientific issues into science education, fostering critical thinking and global citizenship among students.