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Abstract The pursuit of highly efficient electrocatalysts capable of driving multielectron transfer reactions has motivated the development of advanced bifunctional nanostructures. Among these, dumbbell nanoparticles (NPs), featuring well-defined nanoscale junctions between two or more dissimilar NP domains, have emerged as a superior platform compared with conventional homogeneous alloys and core/shell architectures, owing to their distinct structural and mechanistic advantages. This review summarizes strategies for dumbbell NPs with an emphasis on controlling interfacial properties to enable synergistic electrocatalysis. Dumbbell NP synthesis is categorized into three classes based on the nature of their phase-segregated interfaces: metal–metal, metal–metal oxide, and organic–inorganic (polymer hybrid) junctions. We then elucidate the unique catalytic behaviors arising from these asymmetric structures and interfaces. By physically decoupling distinct active sites across a narrowly defined interface, dumbbell NPs can overcome thermodynamic scaling relationships that limit conventional catalysts. In particular, ligand and strain effects are shown to precisely modulate the d-band center, thereby optimizing the binding energies of key reaction intermediates, while the phase boundary enables highly directional spillover of critical species. These interfacial mechanisms are highlighted through state-of-the-art applications in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 toward multicarbon products, cooperative C–N coupling for the direct electrosynthesis of urea, and the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of H2O2. Collectively, the examples discussed in this review underscore the immense potential of rational interface engineering in dumbbell nanostructures for advancing tandem electrocatalysis. 

Abstract Projections of future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall are critical for understanding evolving flood risks and infrastructure impacts under climate change. This study couples a physics-based Tropical Cyclone Rainfall (TCR) model with the Columbia HAZard (CHAZ) model, a statistical–dynamical TC downscaling framework, which generates synthetic storm tracks and intensity, to produce large synthetic ensembles of TC generated rainfall downscaled from 12 CMIP6 models. TC rainfall is simulated in the North Atlantic basin based on the CMIP6 historical and future simulations under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). Projections from this integrated framework are evaluated against the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Rainfall Climatology and Persistence model (R-CLIPER), a statistical TC rainfall model that provides an alternative to the dynamical simulations. TCR projects widespread increases in TC rainfall, with the strongest changes along the US East and Gulf coasts and for major hurricanes (Categories 3–5). By late century, average rainfall increases reach 40–100% in TCR compared to 30–60% in R-CLIPER, with the largest increases in the Northeast regions. Extreme 24-hour rainfall increases by up to 55% in TCR, roughly twice the magnitude simulated by R-CLIPER. Key drivers include higher TC intensities, increased atmospheric moisture, and projected slower translation speeds, which together contribute to increasing flood risks, especially when combined with more frequent sequential TC events. 

We report an artificial monooxygenase system that drives enantioselective oxidation directly utilizing molecular oxygen under visible‐light irradiation. This biohybrid catalyst consists of noncatalytic protein and metal complexes, i.e., copper 4,4‐tetraaza‐29H,31H phthalocyanine (CuTPC) bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and then assembled onto a synthetic photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄). The resulting hybrid system facilitates a photocatalytic reaction cascade to enable enantioselective oxidation using molecular oxygen as an oxidant: g‐C₃N₄reduces oxygen photocatalytically and produces H₂O₂, which subsequently activates CuTPC‐BSA to drive enantioselective oxidation reactions. Using styrene and propionic acid as model substrates, the photocatalytic system selectively produces R‐styrene oxide and L‐lactic acid, respectively, achieving enantiomeric excesses exceeding 99% under visible‐light irradiation. In contrast, g‐C₃N₄alone did not provide enantioselectivity. Thus, CuTPC‐BSA/g‐C₃N₄represents a promising and cost‐effective alternative to natural enzymes to produce chiral oxidation products in a much sustainable way. 

We summarize the recent advances in the eCO₂RR using metal nanocatalysts modified with hydrophobic, conductive, ionic and porous polymers. 

We report polymer-guided assembly of chiral gold nanorods (AuNRs) in end-to-end (EE) and side-by-side (SS) modes, modulating their chiroptical responses.