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Cephalopod (e.g., squid, octopus, etc.) skin is a soft cognitive organ capable of elastic deformation, visualizing, stealth, and camouflaging through complex biological processes of sensing, recognition, neurologic processing, and actuation in a noncentralized, distributed manner. However, none of the existing artificial skin devices have shown distributed neuromorphic processing and cognition capabilities similar to those of a cephalopod skin. Thus, the creation of an elastic, biaxially stretchy device with embedded, distributed neurologic and cognitive functions mimicking a cephalopod skin can play a pivotal role in emerging robotics, wearables, skin prosthetics, bioelectronics, etc. This paper introduces artificial neuromorphic cognitive skins based on arrayed, biaxially stretchable synaptic transistors constructed entirely out of elastomeric materials. Systematic investigation of the synaptic characteristics such as the excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation index of the biaxially stretchable synaptic transistor under various levels of biaxial mechanical strain sets the operational foundation for stretchy distributed synapse arrays and neuromorphic cognitive skin devices. The biaxially stretchy arrays here achieved neuromorphic cognitive functions, including image memorization, long-term memorization, fault tolerance, programming, and erasing functions under 30% biaxial mechanical strain. The stretchy neuromorphic imaging sensory skin devices showed stable neuromorphic pattern reinforcement performance under both biaxial and nonuniform local deformation.more » « less
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Abstract The need to develop wearable devices for personal health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapy has inspired the production of innovative on‐demand, customizable technologies. Several of these technologies enable printing of raw electronic materials directly onto biological organs and tissues. However, few of them have been thoroughly investigated for biocompatibility of the raw materials on the cellular, tissue, and organ levels or with different cell types. In addition, highly accurate multiday in vivo monitoring using such on‐demand, in situ fabricated devices has yet to be done. Presented herein is the first fully biocompatible, on‐skin fabricated electronics for multiple cell types and tissues that can capture electrophysiological signals with high fidelity. While also demonstrating improved mechanical and electrical properties, the drawn‐on‐skin ink retains its properties under various writing conditions, which minimizes the variation in electrical performance. Furthermore, the drawn‐on‐skin ink shows excellent biocompatibility with cardiomyocytes, neurons, mice skin tissue, and human skin. The high signal‐to‐noise ratios of the electrophysiological signals recorded with the DoS sensor over multiple days demonstrate its potential for personalized, long‐term, and accurate electrophysiological health monitoring.