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Estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) provides vital habitat for macroinvertebrate communities that support diverse food webs and subsequent ecosystem services. Invasive SAV, however, has the potential to alter estuarine food webs through competition with native SAV, resulting in different associated biological communities. In the Mobile-Tensaw Delta (Alabama, USA), the invasive Eurasian milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, is fast becoming the dominant SAV, out-competing native SAV such as wild celery, Vallisneria americana. This study investigated the above- and belowground macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with these SAV habitats. We found significantly different assemblages between the SAV, with V. americana supporting more even and diverse epifaunal assemblages, and M. spicatum supporting greater total abundances of macroinvertebrates. Gammarid amphipods were more than 11 times more abundant in M. spicatum, while Polychaete species were threefold more abundant in V. americana. Our results suggest that V. americana may support a more diverse and even community compared to M. spicatum. If so, the continued decline in coverage of native V. americana and invasion of M. spicatum across the Mobile-Tensaw Delta could have system-wide ecological consequences. 

The organic carbon (Corg) stored in seagrass meadows is globally significant and could be relevant in strategies to mitigate increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Most of that stored Corg is in the soils that underlie the seagrasses. We explored how seagrass and soil characteristics vary among seagrass meadows across the geographic range of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) with a goal of illuminating the processes controlling soil organic carbon (Corg) storage spanning 23° of latitude. Seagrass abundance (percent cover, biomass, and canopy height) varied by over an order of magnitude across sites, and we found high variability in soil characteristics, with Corg ranging from 0.08 to 12.59% dry weight. Seagrass abundance was a good predictor of the Corg stocks in surficial soils, and the relative importance of seagrass-derived soil Corg increased as abundance increased. These relationships suggest that first-order estimates of surficial soil Corg stocks can be made by measuring seagrass abundance and applying a linear transfer function. The relative availability of the nutrients N and P to support plant growth was also correlated with soil Corg stocks. Stocks were lower at N-limited sites than at P-limited ones, but the importance of seagrass-derived organic matter to soil Corg stocks was not a function of nutrient limitation status. This finding seemed at odds with our observation that labile standard substrates decomposed more slowly at N-limited than at P-limited sites, since even though decomposition rates were 55% lower at N-limited sites, less Corg was accumulating in the soils. The dependence of Corg stocks and decomposition rates on nutrient availability suggests that eutrophication is likely to exert a strong influence on carbon storage in seagrass meadows. 

Abstract Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future. 

Students at the Rochester Institute of Technology and Dowling College used bioinformatics software, which they had helped develop, to predict the function of protein structures whose functions had not been assigned or confirmed. Over the course of time, they incorporated other bioinformatics tools and moved the project to the wet lab, where they sought to confirm their in silico predictions with in vitro assays. In this process, we saw so much personal and professional growth among our students that we chose to implement their approach in an undergraduate biochemistry teaching lab, which we call BASIL, for Biochemistry Authentic Scientific Inquiry Lab. This curriculum has now been implemented by thirteen faculty members on eight campuses, and we look forward to a long-range exploration of BASIL’s impact on the students who enroll in courses that use the BASIL curriculum. 

Students at the Rochester Institute of Technology and Dowling College used bioinformatics software, which they had helped develop, to predict the function of protein structures whose functions had not been assigned or confirmed. Over the course of time, they incorporated other bioinformatics tools and moved the project to the wet lab, where they sought to confirm their in silico predictions with in vitro assays. In this process, we saw so much personal and professional growth among our students that we chose to implement their approach in an undergraduate biochemistry teaching lab, which we call BASIL, for Biochemistry Authentic Scientific Inquiry Lab. This curriculum has now been implemented by thirteen faculty members on eight campuses, and we look forward to a long-range exploration of BASIL’s impact on the students who enroll in courses that use the BASIL curriculum. 

Abstract The Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) is an National Science Foundation (NSF) funded institute that focuses on improving software, education, and training in the computational molecular sciences. Through a collaboration with the Molecular Education and Research Consortium in Undergraduate computational chemistRY (MERCURY), the MolSSI has developed resources for undergraduate and other early career students to lay an educational foundation for the next generation of computational molecular scientists. The resources focus on introducing best practices in software engineering to students from the very start to make their software more useable, maintainable, and reproducible.