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Traffic systems exhibit supply-side uncertainty which is alleviated through real-time information. This article explores subscription models for a private agency sharing data at a fixed rate. A multiclass strategy-based equilibrium model is developed for two classes of subscribed and unsubscribed travelers, whose optimal strategy given the link-state costs is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP) and a partially-observable MDP, respectively. A utility-based subscription choice model is formulated to study the impacts of subscription rates on the percentage of travelers choosing to subscribe. Solutions to the fixed-point formulation are determined using iterative algorithms. The proposed subscription model can be used for designing optimal subscription rates in various settings where real-time information can be a valuable routing tool such as express lanes, parking systems, roadside delivery, and routing of vulnerable road users. 

Abstract SBND is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab. Its location near to the Booster Neutrino Beam source and relatively large mass will allow the study of neutrino interactions on argon with unprecedented statistics. This paper describes the expected performance of the SBND photon detection system, using a simulated sample of beam neutrinos and cosmogenic particles. Its design is a dual readout concept combining a system of 120 photomultiplier tubes, used for triggering, with a system of 192 X-ARAPUCA devices, located behind the anode wire planes. Furthermore, covering the cathode plane with highly-reflective panels coated with a wavelength-shifting compound recovers part of the light emitted towards the cathode, where no optical detectors exist. We show how this new design provides a high light yield and a more uniform detection efficiency, an excellent timing resolution and an independent 3D-position reconstruction using only the scintillation light. Finally, the whole reconstruction chain is applied to recover the temporal structure of the beam spill, which is resolved with a resolution on the order of nanoseconds.