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An artificial intrinsic RGB photoreceptor matrix can replicate the neuromorphic panchromatic vision capability of the eye.

Future advancements in three-dimensional (3D) electronics require robust thermal management methodology. Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are reliable and solid-state heat pumping devices with high cooling capacity that can meet the requirements of emerging 3D microelectronic devices. Here, we first provide the design of TECs for electronics cooling using a computational model and then experimentally validate the main predictions. Key device parameters such as device thickness, leg density, and contact resistance were studied to understand their influence on the performance of TECs. Our results show that it is possible to achieve high cooling power density through optimization of TE leg height and packing density. Scaling of TECs is shown to provide ultra-high cooling power density.

Broadband photodetectors (PDs) have great applications in both industrial and scientific sectors. In this study, solution-processed broadband PDs with an “inverted” vertical photodiode device structure without incorporating transparent conductive oxides electrodes, fabricated by bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composites composed of a low optical gap conjugated polymer blended with highly electrically conductive PbS quantum dots (QDs), operated at room temperature, are reported. The low optical gap conjugated polymer incorporated with PbS QDs contributes to the spectral response from the ultraviolet (UV)-visible to the infrared (IR) range. To realize the IR spectral response and to circumvent the weak IR transparency of the transparent oxide electrodes, the implementation of a photodiode with an “inverted” vertical device structure with the Au anode and the Ba/Al bilayer semitransparent cathode passivated with the MgF 2 layer is demonstrated. Photoinduced charge carrier transfer occurring within the BHJ composite gave rise to decent photocurrent, resulting in detectivities greater than 10 12 Jones (cm Hz 1/2 /W) over the wavelength from the UV-visible to the IR range under low applied bias. Thus, our findings of the utilization of the BHJ composites and an “inverted” vertical photodiode without the incorporation of the transparent conductive oxide electrodes provide a facile way tomore »realize broadband PDs.« less

Conjugated molecules have been typically utilized as either hole or electron extraction layers to boost the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), formed from three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, due to their high charge carrier mobility and electrical conductivity. However, the passivating role of conjugated molecules in creating two-dimensional (2D) perovskites has rarely been reported. In this study, we report novel conjugated aniline 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine (PPA) based 2D perovskites and further demonstrate efficient and stable PSCs containing a (PPA) x (MAPbI 3 ) 1− x /MAPbI 3 bilayer thin film (where MA is CH 3 NH 3 + ). The (PPA) x (MAPbI 3 ) 1− x /MAPbI 3 bilayer thin film possesses superior crystallinity and passivated trap states, resulting in enhanced charge transport and suppressed charge carrier recombination compared to those of a 3D MAPbI 3 thin film. As a result, PSCs containing the (PPA) x (MAPbI 3 ) 1− x /MAPbI 3 bilayer thin film exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.98%, which is approximately a 25% enhancement compared to that of the MAPbI 3 thin film. Moreover, un-encapsulated PSCs containing the (PPA) x (MAPbI 3 ) 1− x /MAPbI 3 bilayer thin film retain 50% of their initialmore »PCE after 1200 hours in an ambient atmosphere (25 °C, and 30 ± 10 humidity), whereas PSCs with the 3D MAPbI 3 thin film show significant degradation after 100 hours and a degradation of more than 50% of their original PCE after 500 hours. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of conjugated molecules as organic spacer cations to create 2D perovskites on top of 3D perovskites is an effective way to approach high-performance PSCs.« less

2D/3D bilayer perovskite synthesized using sequential deposition methods has shown effectiveness in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar devices. However, these approaches present several limitations such as uncontrolled chemical processes, disordered interfacial states, and microscale heterogeneities that can chemically, structurally, and electronically compromise the performance of solar modules. Here, this work demonstrates an emulsion‐based self‐assembly approach using natural lipid biomolecules in a nonionic solution system to form a 0D/3D bilayer structure. The new capping layer is composed of 0D‐entity nanoparticles of perovskite encapsulated by a hydrophobic lipid membrane, analogous to a cell structure, formed through a molecular self‐assembly process. This 0D layer provides a strong water repellent characteristics, optimum interface microstructure, and excellent homogeneity that drives significant enhancement in stability. Solar modules with a large active area of 70 cm²fabricated using films comprising of 0D/3D bilayer structure are found to show consistent efficiency of >19% for 2800 h of continuous illumination in the air (60% relative humidity). This emulsion‐based self‐assembly approach is expected to have a transformative impact on the design and development of stable perovskite‐based devices.