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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary outcomes of a learning community intervention (LC), which was based on the performance pyramid theoretical model of student supports. The LC integrated college algebra into biology course work. We used a quasi-experimental design to compare LC students to separate General Biology I and College Algebra course control groups on respective measures of biology and algebra course knowledge, and an assessment of perceived performance pyramid supports. Participants included 198 students (LC, n = 22; biology control, n = 52; mathematics control, n = 124) at a Historically Black University in the Southern United States. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the LC students had significantly greater performance from pre- to post-test on a measure of biology course knowledge (Cohen’s d = 0.76) compared to the biology control group. An ANCOVA indicated that the LC and mathematics control students performed similarly on a measure of algebra course knowledge. Group differences from a multivariate analysis of covariance on perceived performance pyramid supports were mostly statistically non-significant. Overall, the LC increased biology course performance. Implications for improving biology course performance and better assessment of students’ perceptions of support for academic success are discussed. 

The purpose of this paper was to give a demonstration of the primary materials and methods we used in learning communities (LCs) for biology students. The LCs were based on the performance pyramid theoretical structure. The objectives were to show the pedagogical links biological and mathematical concepts through co-curricular projects; assess students’ perceptions of the performance pyramid model, and demonstrate a method for assessing LC efficacy directly related to General Biology I and College Algebra course content. Forty-eight students were recruited into the LCs with 39 students completing the LCs. The participants completed co-curricular projects that linked biology and mathematics course content with guidance from a peer leader. The LC participants completed the Augmented Student Support Needs Scale (SSNS-A) to assess perceptions of performance pyramid elements, as well as separate biology and mathematics quizzes related to their General Biology I and College Algebra courses, respectively. It was found that all co-curricular projects had biology and mathematics learning objective and outcomes. The SSNS-A had adequate internal consistency for appraising multiple aspects of the performance pyramid in general. However, some aspects and student responses might need more clarification. The quizzes had adequate internal consistency and LC students had large gains in biology (d = 1.88) and mathematics (d = 2.62) knowledge and skills from the beginning to end of their General Biology I and College Algebra courses. Promising aspects and limitations the LC activities and assessments are discussed. 

The authors completed a pilot study to examine the original Student Support Needs Scale (SSNS') and alternative forms. They assessed how the items were related to each other, how SSNS versions correlated with each other, and the SSNS versions associations with measures of student attitudes and performance. Eighty students from a historically Black college and university participated. SSNS 10-item- and 5-item-per-scale form s were created. They were compared with the original, to each other, and to other measures. The coefficients related to how items related to each other indicated that the alternative form s had similar to better correspondence between related items than the original scales. The 5-item-per-scale version was used as the augmented SSNS (SSNS-A). SSNS-A correlations with measures o f student attitudes and performance were generally in the expected direction. Implications are discussed in regard to reliability and validity of the SSNS-A. 

While many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of programs designed to increase underrepresented minority participation, this article establishes a guiding theoretical model which examines why such programs might work. Theoretical models are often used to support curricular innovation by specifying guidelines for how to design new programs intended to broaden participation in STEM. The theoretical model of the Performance Pyramid was used as the foundation to develop intrusive Peer Partnership Learning (PPL) communities and develop a measure of student needs. The PPL communities were designed for students to simultaneously take College Algebra and General Biology I and involved weekly sessions led by trained PPL leaders to reinforce course content and work on biology projects with imbedded math content. The augmented SSNS (SSNS-A) was developed to measures these students needs that are directly related to the Performance Pyramid constructs. In addition, other outcomes measures were selected to identify, analyze and address the barriers to student performance in both courses related to the seven support systems of the Performance Pyramid. This theory-based program was developed to (a) advance and test pedagogical linkages between biological and mathematical concepts; (b) improve, test, and refine the assessment instruments, and (c) test the acceptability and efficacy of a fully integrated biology-math curriculum on student performance and attitudes.