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In this paper, the first in a series, we study the deformed Hermitian-Yang-Mills (dHYM) equation from the variational point of view as an infinite dimensional GIT problem. The dHYM equation is mirror to the special Lagrangian equation, and our infinite dimensional GIT problem is mirror to Thomas' GIT picture for special Lagrangians. This gives rise to infinite dimensional manifold H closely related to Solomon's space of positive Lagrangians. In the hypercritical phase case we prove the existence of smooth approximate geodesics, and weak geodesics with C1,α regularity. This is accomplished by proving sharp with respect to scale estimates for the Lagrangian phase operator on collapsing manifolds with boundary. As an application of our techniques we give a simplified proof of Chen's theorem on the existence of C1,α geodesics in the space of Kähler metrics. In two follow up papers, these results will be used to examine algebraic obstructions to the existence of solutions to dHYM and special Lagrangians in Landau-Ginzburg models. 

We study the existence of special Lagrangian submanifolds of log Calabi–Yau manifolds equipped with the complete Ricci-flat Kähler metric constructed by Tian and Yau. We prove that if X is a Tian–Yau manifold and if the compact Calabi–Yau manifold at infinity admits a single special Lagrangian, then X admits infinitely many disjoint special Lagrangians. In complex dimension 2, we prove that if Y is a del Pezzo surface or a rational elliptic surface and D is a smooth divisor in the linear system of K_Y with D^2=d, then X=Y/D admits a special Lagrangian torus fibration, as conjectured by Strominger–Yau–Zaslow and Auroux. In fact, we show that X admits twin special Lagrangian fibrations, confirming a prediction of Leung and Yau. In the special case that Y is a rational elliptic surface or Y=P^2, we identify the singular fibers for generic data, thereby confirming two conjectures of Auroux. Finally, we prove that after a hyper-Kähler rotation, X can be compactified to the complement of a Kodaira type I_d fiber appearing as a singular fiber in a rational elliptic surface. 

We explain a general construction through which concave elliptic operators on complex manifolds give rise to concave functions on cohomology. In particular, this leads to generalized versions of the Khovanskii-Teissier inequalities.