Search for: All records

Abstract Scaffold proteins play crucial roles in subcellular organization and function. In many organisms, proteins with multiple Tudor domains are required for the assembly of membraneless RNA-protein organelles (germ granules) in germ cells. Tudor domains are protein-protein interaction modules which bind to methylated polypeptides.DrosophilaTudor protein contains eleven Tudor domains, which is the highest number known in a single protein. The role of each of these domains in germ cell formation has not been systematically tested and it is not clear if some domains are functionally redundant. Using CRISPR methodology, we generated mutations in several uncharacterized Tudor domains and showed that they all caused defects in germ cell formation. Mutations in individual domains affected Tudor protein differently causing reduction in protein levels, defects in subcellular localization and in the assembly of germ granules. Our data suggest that multiple domains of Tudor protein are all needed for efficient germ cell formation highlighting the rational for keeping many Tudor domains in protein scaffolds of biomolecular condensates inDrosophilaand other organisms. 

Scaffold proteins play crucial roles in subcellular organization and function. In many organisms, proteins with multiple Tudor domains are required for the assembly of membraneless RNA–protein organelles (germ granules) in germ cells. Tudor domains are protein–protein interaction modules which bind to methylated polypeptides.DrosophilaTudor protein contains 11 Tudor domains, which is the highest number known in a single protein. The role of each of these domains in germ cell formation has not been systematically tested, and it is not clear if some domains are functionally redundant. Using CRISPR methodology, we generated mutations in several uncharacterized Tudor domains and showed that they all caused defects in germ cell formation. Mutations in individual domains affected Tudor protein differently, causing reduction in protein levels and defects in subcellular localization and in the assembly of germ granules. Our data suggest that multiple domains of Tudor protein are all needed for efficient germ cell formation, highlighting the rational for keeping many Tudor domains in protein scaffolds of biomolecular condensates inDrosophilaand other organisms. 

Membraneless organelles are RNA–protein assemblies which have been implicated in post‐transcriptional control. Germ cells form membraneless organelles referred to as germ granules, which contain conserved proteins including Tudor domain‐containing scaffold polypeptides and their partner proteins that interact with Tudor domains. Here, we show that inDrosophila, different germ granule proteins associate with the multi‐domain Tudor protein using different numbers of Tudor domains. Furthermore, these proteins compete for interaction with Tudorin vitroand, surprisingly, partition to distinct and poorly overlapping clusters in germ granulesin vivo. This partition results in minimization of the competition. Our data suggest that Tudor forms structurally different configurations with different partner proteins which dictate different biophysical properties and phase separation parameters within the same granule.