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1. Short-term and seasonal pH, p CO 2 and saturation state variability in a coral-reef ecosystem: CORAL REEF pCO 2 , pH, SATURATION STATES

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004114  

   Gray, Sarah E. ; DeGrandpre, Michael D. ; Langdon, Chris ; Corredor, Jorge E. ( September 2012 , Global Biogeochemical Cycles)
2. Explicit Physical Knowledge in Machine Learning for Ocean Carbon Flux Reconstruction: The pCO 2 ‐Residual Method

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002960  

   Bennington, Val ; Galjanic, Tomislav ; McKinley, Galen A. ( October 2022 , Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems)
3. Shallow coral reef free ocean carbon enrichment: Novel in situ flumes to manipulate pCO 2 on shallow tropical coral reef communities

   https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10349  

   Srednick, Griffin ; Bergman, Jessica L. ; Doo, Steve S. ; Hawthorn, Myron ; Ferree, Jeffrey ; Rojas, Roberto ; Arias, Rogelio ; Edmunds, Peter J. ; Carpenter, Robert C. ( February 2020 , Limnology and Oceanography: Methods)

   Given the severe implications of climate change and ocean acidification (OA) for marine ecosystems, there is an urgent need to quantify ecosystem function in present‐day conditions to determine the impacts of future changes in environmental conditions. For tropical coral reefs that are acutely threatened by these effects, the metabolism of benthic communities provides several metrics suitable for this purpose, but the application of infrastructure to manipulate conditions and measure community responses is not fully realized. To date, most studies of the effects of OA on coral reefs have been conducted ex situ, and while greater ecological relevance can be achieved through free ocean carbon enrichment (FOCE) experiments on undisturbed areas of reef, such approaches have been deterred by technical challenges (e.g., spatial scale and duration, stable maintenance of conditions). In this study, we describe novel experimental infrastructure called shallow coral reef (SCoRe) FOCE to overcome these challenges and present data from a proof of concept application in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Our objectives were to (1) implement an autonomous system that could be deployed kilometers from shore, (2) regulate the chemical (pCO₂) and physical properties of seawater over undisturbed, shallow (∼2–5‐m depth) coral reef over multiple weeks, and (3) measure the metabolic response of the coral community to the treatment conditions. We describe the design, function, and application of the SCoRe FOCE, and present data demonstrating its efficacy. This infrastructure has great potential for advancing ecologically relevant studies of the effects of changing environmental conditions on coral reefs.

    

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4. Oysters and eelgrass: potential partners in a high pCO 2 ocean

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2393  

   Groner, Maya L. ; Burge, Colleen A. ; Cox, Ruth ; Rivlin, Natalie D. ; Turner, Mo ; Van Alstyne, Kathryn L. ; Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy ; Bucci, John ; Staudigel, Philip ; Friedman, Carolyn S. ( August 2018 , Ecology)
5. Drawdown of Atmospheric pCO 2 Via Variable Particle Flux Stoichiometry in the Ocean Twilight Zone

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094924  

   Tanioka, Tatsuro ; Matsumoto, Katsumi ; Lomas, Michael W. ( November 2021 , Geophysical Research Letters)

   The strength of the biological soft tissue pump in the ocean critically depends on how much organic carbon is produced via photosynthesis and how efficiently the carbon is transferred to the ocean interior. For a given amount of limiting nutrient, phosphate, soft tissue pump would be strengthened if the carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) ratio of sinking organic matter increases as the remineralization length scale of C increases. Here, we present a new data compilation of particle flux stoichiometry and show that C:P of sinking particulate organic matter (POM) in the ocean twilight zone on average is likely to be higher than the C:P ratio of surface suspended POM. We further demonstrate using a physics‐biology coupled global ocean model combined with a theory from first principles that an increase in C:P export flux ratio in the ocean's twilight zone can lead to a considerable drawdown of atmosphericpCO₂.

    

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