An official website of the United States government
In this paper, we explore a domain hijacking vulnerability that is an accidental byproduct of undocumented operational practices between domain registrars and registries. We show how over the last nine years over 512K domains have been implicitly exposed to the risk of hijacking, affecting names in most popular TLDs (including .com and .net) as well as legacy TLDs with tight registration control (such as .edu and .gov). Moreover, we show that this weakness has been actively exploited by multiple parties who, over the years, have assumed control over 163K domains without having any ownership interest in those names. In addition to characterizing the nature and size of this problem, we also report on the efficacy of the remediation in response to our outreach with registrars.
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Range expansion of tropical pyrosomes in the northeast Pacific Ocean
Pyrosomes are colonial pelagic tunicates that have fascinated marine biologists for over a century. Blooms of pyrosomes, identified as Pyrosoma atlanticum (Peron, 1804), have recently appeared in the North Pacific Ocean, prompting questions about environmental factors that triggered their appearance and persistence over multiple seasons as well as potential ecosystem impacts.
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- PAR ID:
- 10074440
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Ecology
- ISSN:
- 1939-9170
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract US maize and soy production have increased rapidly since the mid-20th century. While global warming has raised temperatures in most regions over this time period, trends in extreme heat have been smaller over US croplands, reducing crop-damaging high temperatures and benefiting maize and soy yields. Here we show that agricultural intensification has created a crop-climate feedback in which increased crop production cools local climate, further raising crop yields. We find that maize and soy production trends have driven cooling effects approximately as large as greenhouse gas induced warming trends in extreme heat over the central US and substantially reduced them over the southern US, benefiting crops in all regions. This reduced warming has boosted maize and soy yields by 3.3 (2.7–3.9; 13.7%–20.0%) and 0.6 (0.4–0.7; 7.5%–13.7%) bu/ac/decade, respectively, between 1981 and 2019. Our results suggest that if maize and soy production growth were to stagnate, the ability of the crop-climate feedback to mask warming would fade, exposing US crops to more harmful heat extremes.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2429
