skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: Fast Magic‐Angle Spinning 19 F NMR Spectroscopy of HIV‐1 Capsid Protein Assemblies
Abstract 19F NMR spectroscopy is an attractive and growing area of research with broad applications in biochemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. We have explored fast magic angle spinning (MAS)19F solid‐state NMR spectroscopy in assemblies of HIV‐1 capsid protein. Tryptophan residues with fluorine substitution at the 5‐position of the indole ring were used as the reporters. The19F chemical shifts for the five tryptophan residues are distinct, reflecting differences in their local environment. Spin‐diffusion and radio‐frequency‐driven‐recoupling experiments were performed at MAS frequencies of 35 kHz and 40–60 kHz, respectively. Fast MAS frequencies of 40–60 kHz are essential for consistently establishing19F–19F correlations, yielding interatomic distances of the order of 20 Å. Our results demonstrate the potential of fast MAS19F NMR spectroscopy for structural analysis in large biological assemblies.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1708773
PAR ID:
10077571
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Volume:
57
Issue:
50
ISSN:
1433-7851
Page Range / eLocation ID:
p. 16375-16379
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Obtaining atomic-level information on components in the cell is a major focus in structural biology. Elucidating specific structural and dynamic features of proteins and their interactions in the cellular context is crucial for understanding cellular processes. We introduce19F dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) combined with fast magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a powerful technique to study proteins in mammalian cells. We demonstrate our approach on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 5F-Trp-NNTDprotein, electroporated into human cells. DNP signal enhancements of 30- to 40-fold were observed, translating into over 1000-fold experimental time savings. High signal-to-noise ratio spectra were acquired on nanomole quantities of a protein in cells in minutes. 2D19F-19F dipolar correlation spectra with remarkable sensitivity and resolution were obtained, exhibiting19F-19F cross peaks associated with fluorine atoms as far as ~10 angstroms apart. This work paves the way for19F DNP-enhanced MAS NMR applications in cells for probing protein structure, dynamics, and ligand interactions. 
    more » « less
  2. To address biophysical principles and lipid interactions that underlie the properties of membrane proteins, modifications that vary the neighbors of tryptophan residues in the highly dynamic transmembrane helix of GW4,20ALP23 (acetyl‐GGAW4A(LA)6LAW20AGA‐amide) were examined using deuterium NMR spectroscopy. It was found that L5,19GW4,20ALP23, a sequence isomer of the low to moderately dynamic GW5,19ALP23, remains highly dynamic. By contrast, a removal of W4 to produce F4,5GW20ALP23 restores a low level of dynamic averaging, similar to that of the F4,5GW19ALP23 helix. Interestingly, a high level of dynamic averaging requires the presence of both tryptophan residues W4 and W20, on opposite faces of the helix, and does not depend on whether residue 5 is Leu or Ala. Aspects of helix unwinding and potential oligomerization are discussed with respect to helix dynamic averaging and the locations of particular residues at a phosphocholine membrane interface. 
    more » « less
  3. Abstract 19F magnetic resonance (MR) based detection coupled with well‐designed inorganic systems shows promise in biological investigations. Two proof‐of‐concept inorganic probes that exploit a novel mechanism for19F MR sensing based on converting from low‐spin (S=0) to high‐spin (S=1) Ni2+are reported. Activation of diamagneticNiL1andNiL2by light or β‐galactosidase, respectively, converts them into paramagneticNiL0, which displays a single19F NMR peak shifted by >35 ppm with accelerated relaxation rates. This spin‐state switch is effective for sensing light or enzyme expression in live cells using19F MR spectroscopy and imaging that differentiate signals based on chemical shift and relaxation times. This general inorganic scaffold has potential for developing agents that can sense analytes ranging from ions to enzymes, opening up diverse possibilities for19F MR based biosensing. 
    more » « less
  4. Confining water to nanosized spaces creates a unique environment that can change water's structural and dynamic properties. When ions are present in these nanoscopic spaces, the limited number of water molecules and short screening length can dramatically affect how ions are distributed compared to the homogeneous distribution assumed in bulk aqueous solution. Here, we demonstrate that the chemical shift observed in 19F NMR spectroscopy of fluoride anion, F, probes the location of sodium ions, Na+, confined in reverse micelles prepared from AOT (sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate) surfactants. Our measurements show that the nanoconfined environment of reverse micelles can lead to extremely high apparent ion concentrations and ionic strength, beyond the limit in bulk aqueous solutions. Most notably, the 19F NMR chemical shift trends we observe for F in the reverse micelles indicate that the AOT sodium counterions remain at or near the interior interface between surfactant and water, thus providing the first experimental support for this hypothesis 
    more » « less
  5. Abstract Fluorine‐19 NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for studying protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. Of particular interest is the exploitation of trifluoromethyl (tfm) groups, given their high sensitivity and superior transverse relaxation properties, compared to single fluorine atoms. However, biosynthetic incorporation of tfm‐bearing amino acids remains challenging due to cytotoxicity and incompatibility with natural tRNA synthetases. Here, we report on overcoming this challenge using cell‐free synthesis, incorporating trifluoromethyl‐methionine (tfmM) into the protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) with remarkably high efficiency, impossible via biosynthetic means. Importantly, we demonstrate that tfmM CypA binds a native substrate, the N‐terminal domain of HIV‐1 capsid protein (HIV‐1 CA‐NTD), and retains peptidyl prolylcis/transisomerase activity. It also binds the peptide inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) with the same affinity as non‐labeled, wild‐type CypA. Furthermore, we show that19F isotope shifts and19F solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs) provide valuable structural information on surface exposure. Taken together, our study illustrates that tfmM can be readily incorporated into proteins at very high levels by cell‐free synthesis without disturbing protein structure and function, significantly expanding the scope of19F NMR spectroscopy for studying protein structure and dynamics. 
    more » « less